Transcript Blood borne Pathogens

Blood Borne
Pathogens
And Universal Precautions
Presented by:
Catherine Marr
We will CoverWhat is a Blood Borne Pathogen
What are Universal Precautions
Why?
OSHA standard
– anyone whose job requires exposure to
Blood Borne pathogens is required to
complete training
– employees who are trained in CPR and first
aid…Athletic Trainers!
Chapter Objectives
• Explain what bloodborne pathogens are and how they can
infect coaches and athletes.
• Describe the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of
hepatitis B (HBV).
• Describe the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
• Describe how HIV is most often transmitted.
• List the pros and cons of sports participation of athletes
with HBV or HIV infection.
• Identify universal precautions as mandated by the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration and how
they apply to the coach.
• Discuss various types of skin wounds (1st Aid).
What is a Blood Borne Pathogen?
Blood borne Pathogens – microorganisms
that are present in human blood that can
cause disease
Potentially Infectious Human Body Fluids –
fluids in which blood borne pathogens
may be present.
• Blood, Mucus, Body Secretions/ Fluids
(Semen, Vaginal secretions, Cerebrospinal
fluid, Synovial fluid, Saliva, Vomit, Urine,
Feces), Skin/ body tissue (torn or loose
skin), etc…
How Do I Know When To Be
Careful?
• Every contact should be
considered potentially harmful,
because not everyone knows they are ill or
is willing to share their health information.
• Take precautions every time you are in
contact with the body fluids or tissues of
another person.
Exposure
•For exposure to occur you must have
–a port of exit,
–mode of transmission
–port of entry.
•If any part of this is interrupted, the chain is broken
and transmission will not occur.
•That is why taking the precautions are so
important.
•If you get blood or other bodily fluids on healthy
skin you will not become infected.
–You are not a sponge and the virus can not soak
through.
How Do Germs/Pathogens
Enter My Body?
•
•
•
•
•
Open cuts & scratches
Abrasions or scrapes
Dermatitis
Acne
Mucous membranes of mouth, eyes, &
nose
Objective: Explain what bloodborne pathogens are and how they can infect coaches and
athletes.
Common Blood Borne
Pathogens
• Types of bloodborne pathogens:
–
–
–
–
–
Hepatitis B
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Syphilis
Hepatitis B Can
Survive On
Environmental
Surfaces For Up To
One Week
Objective: Describe the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of hepatitis B (HBV).
Common Blood Borne Pathogens
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B & C Virus (HBV/ HCV)
blood borne pathogen that causes inflammation of the
liver, chronic liver disease and death
•Hepatitis means: inflammation of the liver
•Vaccine is available for Hepatitis B only
•HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood
•Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood borne infection
in the United States
•To protect oneself from being infected with the hepatitis virus
you should use Standard Precautions ALWAYS
•One is often unaware of infection/ Often one has no symptoms
or may have flu like symptoms
–Symptoms: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite,
intermittent nausea, vomiting
Modes Of Transmission
Hepatitis A
•
•
•
•
•
Fecal - oral route
Improper food handling
Clothing
Raw, contaminated shellfish
Poor hand washing after restroom use
Modes Of Transmission
Hepatitis B
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Contact with contaminated surfaces
Eyes
Mouth
Broken Skin
Tattoo
Body Piercing
Shared razor, earrings, toothbrush
Sexual Contact
Modes Of Transmission
Hepatitis C
• Blood
• Transfusion
• Organ transplant
Objective: Describe the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection. Describe how HIV is most often transmitted.
Common Blood Borne Pathogens
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) –
blood borne pathogen that attacks the body’s
immune system, causing the disease known
as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome).
• HIV does not survive well outside the body (Not a
very resilient virus)
• No threat of contracting HIV through casual
contact
– Sexual contact
– Blood
– Some body fluids
– Body tissues
Where Can I Find These
Pathogens?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hands
Desks
Floors
Scissors
Exacto Blades
Door knobs
Books
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Diapers
Broken glass
Sharp metal
Needles
Knives
Orthodontic wires
Restroom surfaces
And more
How Do I Prevent
Transmission?
• Hand washing vigorously for at least 20
seconds with soap and warm water
• Gloves
• Disinfect with KISD approved cleaners
• Double bag contaminated articles
• Remove contaminated materials from
work area ASAP
• Dispose of sharps in appropriate
container
Objective: List the pros and cons of sports participation of athletes with HBV or HIV infection.
Bloodborne Pathogens in
Athletics
Items to be covered:
• What are the risks of transmitting a
communicable virus?
• Who makes the policies relative to transmission
of bloodborne pathogens?
• Who should be tested?
• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1991
Objective: Identify universal precautions as mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration and how they apply to the coach.
Universal Precautions in an
Athletic Environment
•Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
•Prepare the athlete
•What happens when bleeding occurs in
competition?
•Personal precautions
Universal Precautions
Universal Precautions – guidelines that require staff to treat all blood, body
fluids, sewage and similar materials as infected with a blood borne
pathogens
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)– Equipment
that is required to protect personnel from coming in contact with
blood and body fluids (Gloves, Masks, Face Shields etc.)
Should only be worn once and thrown away
Gloves should be removed one at a time
As you remove your hand from the glove,
turn it inside out.
Take the other hand out of the 2nd glove,
Turning it inside out and place them into
the 1st glove for disposal.
Wash hands immediately after removal of gloves
One way valve breathing barrier device for
trauma team members to be used if performing CPR
Soap and Water
Hand Washing
Hand Washing 
• Wash hands immediately after removing Personal
Protective Equipment
• Use a soft antibacterial soap
– A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap and water as
soon as possible
• Wash for 15-20 sec (sing “Happy Birthday”)
– Wet hands with warm water
– Apply soap
– For at least 20 seconds, rub hands together, making sure to
spread soap foam on palms, between fingers, fingertips and
backs of hands
– Rinse hands under running water
– Pat hands dry with paper towels
– Turn of water using paper towel to prevent recontamination of
hands
Hand Sanitizers Use
• Apply a dime sized portion of hand sanitizer
to the palm of your hand
• Wet the fingertips of each hand with the
sanitizer
• Rub hands palm to palm, between fingers,
and the back of hands
• Continue rubbing until your hands are dry
To prevent illness
Wash hands frequently
BEFORE
• You eat
• Treat a break in skin
• Care for ill
person/animal
• Insert or remove
contact lenses
AFTER
• Use restroom
• Handle uncooked
foods
• Change a diaper
• Sneeze, cough or
blow your nose
• Handle garbage
• Care for ill/injured
• Touch an animal
• Remove gloves used
as personal
protective equipment
Clean Up & Decontamination
Always cleanup, decontaminate & dispose of all contaminated material in
the proper manner
• Articles contaminated with blood, should be thrown away in a triple
bagged garbage can.
• If contaminated articles are thrown away in a classroom wastebasket,
have a custodian remove it as soon as possible.
• If an article is saturated with blood, it should be placed in a red
biohazard bag.
Do not pick up broken glass with bare hands
Call the Janitorial Staff for clean up
•
•
•
•
•
Always wear PPE (gloves)
Do an initial wipe up
Spray surface with approved cleaner (10% bleach solution, 70% alcohol or
other disinfectant) and allow it to stand for ten minutes then wipe up
Dispose of all wipes in biohazard containers
PPE should be removed and
disposed of in biohazard containers
Biohazard Containers
The universal BIOHAZARD sign
is used to alert employees that
containers may contain
infectious materials.
Sharps Container(s) – Red, used
to discard contaminated,
presumed contaminated or
non-contaminated) sharps.
Exposure Incident
A specific incident of contact with potentially
infectious bodily fluid
If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes or open
skin surfaces, it is not considered an occupational
exposure
Report all exposures accidents/ incidents
involving blood or bodily fluids to the Building
Principal, Athletic Trainers, Nurse or your
supervisor immediately
Post exposure procedures
–
–
–
–
–
Medical evaluation
Documentation of exposure route
Blood test
Counseling
Evaluation of reported illness
Objective: Discuss various types of skin wounds.
Skin Wounds
• Types of skin
wounds
–
–
–
–
–
Abrasion (A)
Laceration (B)
Puncture (C)
Incision (D)
Avulsion (E)
(A)
(E)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Summary
 Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they
are contaminated
 Consider every contact potentially
harmful.
 Always use Personal Protective
Equipment (gloves)
 Wash your hands frequently (often)
 Dispose of contaminated material
properly
 If exposed- report it immediately
For more information
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
http://www.osha.gov
• HIV/AIDS Prevention
http://cdc.gov/nchstp/hiv_aids/dhap
• Center for Disease Control and
Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov
• Bloodborne pathogens self-study module
http://www2.umdnj.edu/eohssweb/bbp/int
ro.htm
QUESTIONS????