Transcript ROBINSON ONE HEALTH CONCEPT AND PRACTICES

ONE HEALTH CONCEPTS
AND PRACTICES
Prof. Robinson Mdegela (SUA)
ADVANCING ONE HEALTH APPROACH IN TANZANIA
Prof. Robinson H. Mdegela
Sokoine University of Agriculture
P. O. Box 3021
Morogoro
Tanzania
Tel: +255 23 260 45 42
Fax: +255 23 260 46 47
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
Web: www.suanet.ac.tz
4/11/2016
Background
 The time we live is characterized by an unprecedented
increase in the emergence of new health threats in humans
animals and in the environment
 Underlying this “new dynamic” of shared risk are five key
“drivers” that converge at the “human-animal-ecosystem”
interface





Globalization
Population growth
Economic growth
Food security
Changing habitats
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING INFECTIOUS
DISEASES
Main drivers
Demography
Modern transportation
Climate and environmental changes
Lack of efficient public health infrastructure
INCREASED HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS
GEOGRAPHICAL HOTSPOTS FOR EMERGING
PANDEMIC THREATS
The “ecology” of disease emergence ….. at
the “animal-human-ecosystem” interface”
Humans
Wild Animals
Animal
Amplification
Domestic Animals
C
A
S
E
S
TIME
Current Model for Outbreak Detection and
Response
Lab
Confirmation
Detection
C
A
S
E
S
First
Case
TIME
Response
Human Cases
Wild Animal
Domestic Animal
One Health – takes public
health as part of a larger
“ecosystem”
Animal
Amplification
In order to prevent EPT
C
A
S
E
S
Wildlife Surveillance/
Forecasting
Early
Detection
Control
Opportunity
Human
Amplification
TIME
Human Cases
Wild Animal
Domestic Animal
One Health Model: Projected
Impact
Animal
Amplification
C
A
S
E
S
Wildlife Surveillance/
Forecasting
Early
Detection
Control
Opportunity
Human
Amplification
TIME
Human Cases
Wild Animal
Domestic Animal
One Health Model: Projected
Impact
Animal
Amplification
C
A
S
E
S
Wildlife Surveillance/
Forecasting
Early
Detection
TIME
Control
Opportunity
Increased
susceptibility
to diseases
Response
Observable
detrimental
effects
Disease outbreaks
Reduced
lifespan
No
observable
detrimental
effects
increased exposure
Homeostasis
normal range
Early warning signs
Exposure responses
(dose and time)
The principle scheme of responses in organisms towards the detrimental
effects caused by agent exposure
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GEOGRAPHICAL HOTSPOTS FOR EMERGING
PANDEMIC THREATS
ONE HEALTH CONCEPT
What is One Health?
Who promotes one health?
Why are you here?
One Health
An interdisciplinary strategy to address
health from an integrated perspective
rather than a discipline-based
fragmented perspective
Is not a discipline, rather an approach
History of One Health
 Started in 460 BC
 Pope Clement XI instructed his physician,
Dr. Giovanni Maria Lancisi, to do
something about rinderpest
 Rinderpest is a highly fatal viral disease of
cattle that was devastating the human
food supply
 The Italian physician Giovanni Maria
Lancisi (1654–1720), devised approaches
for controlling rinderpest in cattle
Animal Disease Control Measures
Lancisi recommended all
diseased and suspect
animals be killed
The principle was a
milestone in controlling
the spread of contagious
diseases in animals
One Health in the 19th Century
 Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902)
 A German physician and
pathologist
 “Between animal and human
medicine there are no
dividing lines--nor should
there be.”
Individuals
Colonies
Single celled
organisms
Organelles
Complex molecules
Molecules
Atoms
Subatomic particles
Present status of knowledge
Popln’
Time to complete research
Comm’
Easy of obtaining data
Ecs
Relevance of human resource to solve challenges
PYRAMID FOR HUMAN RESOURCE BASE FOR ONE
HEALTH, AND ECOHEALTH
Paradigm shift from down stream to upstream
Downstream approach in silos
Pathogen circulating
in animals
Disease
Emergence
Disease impact in
human population
Upstream paradigm shift using OHA
Control
measures in
animal
population
Prevent
transmission
and prevent
emergence
Manage
diseases and
infections in
humans
CHALLENGES TO FORGING ONE HEALTH
ALLIANCES
 Policy

Lack of policy frameworks that enable cross-sectoral collaboration
 Institutional

Clustering of sectoral expertise in different organizational units
 Strategic

Each unit has distinct mandates and responsibilities (silos)
 Operational

Funding and human resource streams are sector specific
 Technical

Emphasis is on professional specialties as opposed to a broader
understanding and vision of OH
Integrated service learning model for community engagement
using One Health Approach
Conclusion
Why One Health
 One Health is modern toolkit for solving health
challenges
 Single discipline study/approach
 Applicable for solving simple problem: a puzzle solving
approach
 One Health
 Complicated problem demanding application of knowledge
from different disciplines
 Is an approach and not a stand alone discipline
Conclusion
What Does a One Health Approach Enable
 A strategic recognition of the connection between human,
animal and environmental health
 A more efficient alignment of limited human, financial and
material resources
 The opportunity to build systems that enable not just earlier
detection of emerging threats to human, animal and
environmental health but to mobilize interventions to mitigate
their potential emergence and spread
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
Prof. Robinson H. Mdegela
Sokoine University of Agriculture
P. O. Box 3021
Morogoro
Tanzania
Tel: +255 23 260 45 42
Fax: +255 23 260 46 47
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
Web: www.suanet.ac.tz