Transcript Anticipation, Aesthetics, and Innovation. Loom, Kinetoscope, Piano

Anticipation, Aesthetics, and
Innovation.
Loom, Kinetoscope, Piano
ATEC 6331.001
02-09-2009
Xiaowen Wang
The Loom: Early Stages
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One of the earliest loom is the
peg loom, or also known as
ground loom. Used around
5,000 B.C.
It consists of two pegs driven
into the ground, between them
is a bar that holds up the
threads creating the warp.
Warp is the vertical threads.
(Now horizontal on modern
loom.)
Weft is the thread that goes
either over or under the warp.
The Loom : Development
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1606 – Claud Dangon warping frame loom.
1700s (early) – Devices added to lift individual warp threads,
allowing complex pattern and textures.
1782 – Frenchman Falcon suggests using perforated cards
to store cloth pattern.
1706 – Edmund Cartwright constructs the first mechanical
loom.
1801 – French inventor Joseph Marie Jaquard completes his
pattern loom.
1822 – Richard Robert designs a complete automatic loom
American Bigelow and Northrop develops the power loom
for carpet weaving.
Kinetoscope: The Beginning
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Human brain perceives motion when pictures in rapid
sequence are flashed at 15 or more frames per second.
1860, sequential photographs were produced
1877, Eadweard Muybridge attempted to prove that all four of
horses hoof leaves the ground when it gallops
24 cameras took sequential photos of the horse and proved
his theory.
Kinetoscope: Development
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George Eastman dvelops stripes of flexible celluloid
camera film with high exposure rate.
Thomas Edison and collaborators combined everything
together to produce a Kinetoscope.
Kinetoscope is a device that advances a strip of film, frame
by frame in rapid succession to produce the illusion of fluid
motion.
The Piano: Early Stages
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Pianos originates from the zither, an instrument from the
Bronze Age.
Strings are stretched between two sticks and played by
plucking.
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The zither develops with a resonating chamber by the Greeks.
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The first zither arrives in Europe around 11th century.
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From the zithers, dulcimers are developed, with the concept of
strings struck by hammers.
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Clavichord then follows in 1404.
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The virginal around the 1600s, expanding the octaves.
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Followed by spinet and the harpsichord.
Piano: Development
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Due to lack of dynamic control of individual notes, the piano
is born.
Constructed by Cristofori, the keeper of instruments at the
Florentine court in 18th century.
The new instrument is described as a harpsichord with soft
and loud.
Loom: Aesthetic expressions
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Rugs with complex design
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Fabric with rich textile
Loom: Aesthetic expressions
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Color and pattern expressed in fashion design
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Interior design to suit personal aesthetic taste
Kinetoscope: Aesthetic expressions
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Muybridge Film – The
Horse
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Edison's first Film Sneezes
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Modern cinema –
Television series,
Featured films, and
Documentary films.
v
Piano: Aesthetic expressions
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Works of Scarlatti with new instruments.
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Hapsichord - Scarlatti's piece on harpsichord
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Piano - Scarlatti's piece on piano
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After the piano comes the romantic era- Chopin piano
concerto No.2
References
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Humphries, Carl, “The Piano Handbook”, Outline Press Ltd, 2002, London,
England.
Travers, Bridget. Muhr, Jeffrey, World of Invention,1994, Gale Research
Inc. Detroit MI, pages 387 – 388, 537-538
Eco, Umberto, Zorzoli, G.B., The Picture History of Inventions, Casa
editrice Valentino Bompiani & C. Milano, 1961. Printed in Italy.
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Images from various googled source.
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Music/videos from Youtube.com