Transcript Adenovirus Serotype 3 - Cal State LA

Adenovirus
MICR 401
Hector Valadez
Andrew Wong
Adenovirus
 100 serologically distinct types
 Endemic
 May persist as a latent infection in the lymph nodes
 Nonenveloped icosahedrons 70 – 90 nm in diameter
 Baltimore classification of Group I dsDNA
 Capsid is about 252 capsomers
 Samples can be isolated in the nasopharyngeal secrections,
eye exudates, fecal and, urine specimens
Case Study
A 7-year old boy attending summer camp complains of sore
throat, headache, cough, red eyes, and tiredness and is sent to the
infirmary. His temperature is 40oC. Within hours, other campers and
counselors visit the infirmary with similar symptoms. Symptoms last 5 to
7 days. All the patients have gone swimming in the camp pond. More
than 50% of the people in the camp complain of symptoms similar to
those in the initial case. The Public Health Department identifies the
agent as adenovirus serotype 3.
1) To which adenovirus syndrome do the
symptoms point?
 Acute respiratory disease
 Cough, fever, malaise, sore throat
 Most common in military recruits
 Pertussis
 Whopping cough
 Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis
 Acute dysuria and hematuria
 Infections of the gut
 Our patient had the following symptoms
 Eye irritations
 Conjunctivitis
 Cough and sore throat
 Fever
 Pharyngoconjunctival fever
 Associated with pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, fever, and malaise
2) An outbreak as large as this indicates a common
source of infection. What was the most likely source
or sources? What were the most likely routes by
which the virus was spread?
 Many adenovirus serotype 3 infections are associated with
contaminated water
 Symptoms appeared after people entered the camp’s pond
 Contaminated water entered the mucosal membranes or
respiratory tract through aspiration or ingestion
 Could also be spread from direct contact
 Towel sharing and fomites
3) What physical properties of the
virus facilitate its transmission?
 Highly resistant
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Desiccation
Detergents
Ethers
Acids
Protease
Bile
Stable at temperatures up to 56°C
Double stranded DNA
 Easily spread
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Aerosols
Direct contact
Fomites
Contaminated water
4) What precautions should the camp
owners take to prevent outbreaks?
 No vaccines currently available to the public for serotype 3
 Properly treat water beforehand
 Proper chlorination of the water
 Antivirals for immunocompromised patients
 Encourage good hygiene
 Disinfecting living areas
5) What sample or samples would have been used
by the Public Health Department to identify the
infectious agent, and what tests would be required to
diagnose the infection?
 Samples can be taken from the assumed source
 Contaminated water
 Virus is shed in all bodily fluids
 Most commonly taken from stool samples
 Samples grown in cell culture, PCR, direct antigen
immunofluorescence and, hemagglutinin inhibition assay
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Positive