Transcript Measures of prevention 1

INDEX
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Interesting data
Types of diseases caused by water.
How to prevent these diseases.
Most affected places.
INTERESTING DATA
There are currently 1,100 million people
without access to safe water.
 It is estimated that 3,000 million people
lack of toilets.
 The lack of sanitary facilities for the
disposal of waste and clean water
consumption is the cause of more than 12
million deaths a year.
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Types of diseases caused by
water.
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Transmitted by water.
Based on water.
With home vector in water.
Due to water shortage.
TRANSMITTED BY WATER
 Bacteria that are in the "dirty water" used
for drinking, cooking and washing.
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Cholera
Typhoid fever
Meningitis
Hepatitis A
Diarrhea
CHOLERA
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Is acquired from
ingestion of food or
drinking water
containing the
bacteria "Vibrio
cholerae“. In
epidemics spread
through the feces.
Associated with raw
oysters.
TYPHOID FEVER
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Produced by
"Salmonella thypi"
through the fecal-oral
contamination.
Flies can transmit
these diseases.
MENINGITIS
• Some types of bacterial meningitis are
spread through direct contact with
secretions from the mouth or throat of
an infected person (for example, by
kissing).
HEPATITIS A
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Caused by the “Virus heptatotropo” (sp) is
transmitted through food contaminated by faeces,
such as fruits or vegetables. Hepatitis A is rarely
transmitted by infected saliva and it is NOT
contagious through sexual contact, except when it's
kind anal sex.
DIARRHEA
• Viral infections
caused by
bacteria. As
“Staphylococcus“
(sp) and
parasites. [eg.
Decomposed food
(milk).]
BASED ON WATER
► Caused
by aquatic organisms that spend the first
part of their life cycle in water and the second one
as parasites of animals. Ingested by humans or
penetrate through the skin.
 Dracunculosis
 Paragonimiasis
 Clonorquiasis
 Esquistosomiasis
DRACUNCULOSIS
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Caused by the "Guinea worm". It is
a disease that causes painful and
distorting ulcerous sores on the
skin.
PARAGONIMIASIS
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Caused by the worm
“Paragonimus”. It
resembles
tuberculosis because
it is located in the
lungs. It Causes
inflammation of the
lung tissue, cough
and stained sputum.
CLONORQUIASIS
• Produced by the "Clonorsis
sinensis" (sp). It attacks the
liver and bile ducts. It is
transmitted through the raw
fish.
ESQUISTOSOMIASIS
 Produced by the
platelminth worm
“Schistosoma”. The
infection occurs
when bathing in
ponds and lakes
with water
contaminated by this
type of parasites that
are found in snails.
WITH HOME VECTOR IN THE
WATER
Vector-born infections (insects) that
breed near polluted waters or not.
Malaria
Yellow fever
Dengue
Filariasis
MALARIA
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Produced by the parasite "Plasmodium". It is
spread through the bite of a female
mosquito. It causes fever, diarrhea, muscle
aches, cough.
YELLOW FEVER
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Viral infectious
disease caused by
the “Flavivirus amaril”.
It spreads through the
bite of mosquitoes in
tropical areas. It is
called yellow because
it causes an increase
of bilirubin varying
skin colour.
DENGUE
 Viral disease caused
by four viruses (DEN1, 2,3 and 4). It
produces fever and
intense pain in joints
and muscles. It is
spread through the
female mosquito
“Stegomyia aegypti”.
FILARIASIS
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Caused by a nematode "Filaroidea“ (sp) which is
transmitted through flies or mosquitoes. It causes an
inflammatory reaction that makes the parasite
become fibrotic and it is wrapped in healing
capsules.
DUE TO WATER SCARCITY
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These diseases are caused by lack of
water for personal hygiene and
inadequate sanitation.
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Trachoma
Leprosy
Tuberculosis
Whooping cough
TRACHOMA
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Eye disease caused
by bacteria. It is
spread through
contact, and
causes red eyes,
photophobia,
excessive tearing
and even
blindness.
LEPROSY
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Produced by the “Bacillus
hansen“. Before it was
incurable and mutilating.
It is spread from person
to person by direct and
prolonged contact. It
produces large
hiperesthetical spots and
anesthetic or nodules on
the skin.
TUBERCULOSIS
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It is a contagious and deadly infection. It is
produced by a“mycobacterium”. It affects the
lungs, circulatory and lymphatic system, and so
on. It is transmitted through the air when a sick
person coughs or sneezes.
WHOOPING COUGH
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Cocobacilus is caused
by “Bordetella
pertussis”. Contagion:
direct contact with
secretions from the
nose and throat
affected. It produces a
tracheobronquial
inflamamation and
affects the nervous
and myocardium
system.
Prevention of these diseases
The diseases transmitted by the water are
produced by the water contaminated with
human, animal or chemical tailing.
These diseases can be prevent by following
certain measures of prevention.
Measures of prevention
• Boil or chlorinate the
whole drinkable water.
(The drinkable water that
we use in our houses is
before chlorinated and
treated, though in many
cases it will be advisable
to install systems of
filtration)
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Measures of prevention
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 Use drinkable water
for cooking and
drinking.
Measures of prevention
Wash hands before
manipulating food.
 Wash hands after
going to the
watercloset.
(For cleaning hands
correctly we must use
soap or ash)
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Measures of prevention
► Store
properly the
water in a clean
container with a small
opening, which must
be covered to prevent
the water from
contaminating.
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Measures of prevention
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Avoid eating raw or slightly cooked fish
and seafood.
Measures of prevention
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• Never eat raw
fruits or
vegetables
which could be
irrigated with
contaminated
water.
Measures of prevention
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Not to consume food
that come from animals
that could have been
infected by some type
of virus or bacterium.
Measures of prevention
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Have a shower
before swimming.
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Measures of prevention
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Do not swallow water
when we swim in
pools or ponds.
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Measures of prevention
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Do not swim if you suffer from diarrhea (It
is possible to contaminate water easily,
and if someone swallows a small quantity
of this, can become ill).
Measures of prevention
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To check the childrens
nappies before
swimming, and if
possible use disposable
nappies adjustable to the
body (so as not to
contaminate the water
with fecal matter).
Most affected places by these
diseases
Areas with tape microbiologically unsafe
tap water.
 Areas with water shortage.
 Aeras of contaminated waters.
 Areas which suffer natural disasters.
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Tape microbiologically unsafe
water
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It is given
especially in
regions of Latin
America and the
Caribbean, where
they have current
water in many
cases, but it is not
correctly treated.
Water shortage
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It happens especially
in Africa and Asia,
where it is sometimes
necessary to travel
several kilometres to
be able to obtain
water, almost always
in inadequate
conditions for the
consumption (wells
and pools).
Contaminated waters
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Because of industrial
activities,
indiscriminate
spillages, bad use of
pesticides and
fertilizers.
Natural disasters
• These type of
phenomena destroy or
contaminate the water
supply, promoting in
this way the
appearance of
epidemics. This
devasting is also
caused by human being
(wars).
END
by:
Melody Muñoz
Ana Galiana
References:
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