Transcript Diapositiva 1

WATER-THE BLU GOLD
WHAT YOU WASTE
IT’S WHAT I NEED
WATER IS THE ELEXIR OF LIFE. IF TAKEN IN SUFFICENT
QUANTITY, IS DETERMINANT FOR OUR WELFARE, JUST THINK
THAT THE HUMAN BODY CONSISTS OF 65% OF WATER AND THE
BRAIN BY 80%. WATER IS THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF LIFE
FOR ANY LIVING ORNANISM AND NOTING CAN REPLACE IT.
Worldwide thirty thousand people a day are
dying for lack of water
The water resource is a major emergency in many parts of the
world: every day 30,000 people die of causes related to lack of
water or its poor quality
The water resource in the world:
uneven distribution of goods
essential for life
Fresh water is a resource on this planet but highly unequally
distributed , depending on climatic conditions and topography of the
various regions. In fairly large areas of land , water is scarce or of low
quality: this is the situation in those countries that do not have
financial and technological resources able to satisfy this need for each
individual.
In these cases it would require the purification of water
bacteriologically impure, but some states, although in the focus of
major river systems, (Brazil, Congo etc.) do not have the
infrastructures that will lead the water where there is demaned.
Each source of water is an option for the life of animals and plants.
Access to drinking water is still a privilege, there are substantial
disparities between Europe, North America, Japan, Austalia and the rest of
the world.
Water is a precious resource, but it can turn into a vector of diseases and
infections. It was estimated, however, that about one billion and 800
million people have access to a water quality impure, contaminated by
bacteria of typhoid, cholera etc.
The WHO (World Health Organization) today has stressed an increase in
deaths from dysentery, diarrhea in infants, disease practically non-existent
in our country. Water is also the originator of the "Malaria is a serious
problem in extensive areas of the globe because the areas acquitrinose
provide optimal habitat for the reproduction of the Anopheles mosquito"
which, especially in inland areas of inter-country, has the perspective of
the origin of malaria. The growing urbanization has occurred in developing
countries has also led to an increase in infections due to "interference"
between drinking water and polluted water. Children are at risk for the
greater need of liquid required by their body.At any moment of our lives,
water is, however, an essential element in contributing to the performance
of functions such as temperature control, digestion, intestinal function etc.
In many countries, advanced researches are trying to better the quality of
water.
Diseases carried by water
Infection by pathogenic microorganisms
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses,
protozoa and parasites are among the most 'common and
widespread health risks caused by drinking. People come into
contact with these microorganisms through contaminated drinking
water, drops of water, and the aerosol..etc.
Some pathogenic micro-organisms carried by water can cause
serious illness or death. Some examples are from typhoid fever,
cholera and hepatitis A and E, legionella.
Developing countries
In developing countries, disease carried by water are a major
problem. In many of these countries there aren’t medicines to
treat sick people, and the vaccination is usually very limited. During
wars and natural disasters,many people are infected with diseases
carried by water,they spread easily because water treatment and
sewage systems no longer work or are obsolete.
Lack of access to clean drinking water
Worldwide, 1.2 billion people lack access to sources
of clean drinking water and 2.4 billion are without
proper sanitation system. Every year 5 million
people die from diseases carried by water
Figure 2: The number of diseases carried by water in the United States from 1971 to 1992
Diseases linked to the recruitment of food and drink
In some countries, particularly those in developing sources of
water supply systems and disposal of solid and liquid waste are not
sufficiently secure, so it is possible that with food and drinks can
be infectious diseases whose main manifestation is diarrhea.
The most common diseases
HEPATITIS A
Acute viral disease that is transmitted by fecal-gold through the
ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected feces. The virus,
once entered into, it reaches the liver where it multiplies.
The disease manifests itself after an incubator for 3-5 weeks, with
fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and then compare the jaundice
(yellowing of the eyes and skin).
E 'in the whole world, the risk is limited in Western Europe, Canada,
United States, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
Prevention is based on monitoring of food.
CHOLERA
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium, the Vibrio
cholerae, which is contracted through the intake of foods and
drinks contaminated with feces of sick persons.
The incubation period is, on average, for 1-3 days. I vibrions once
penetrated the body, reach the small intestine where they multiply
and release a powerful toxin that prevents the absorption of water
and electrolytes from the intestinal wall. It follows the typical
manifestation of the disease which is a massive watery diarrhea
that can last for a week, accompanied by vomiting and abdominal
pain. The loss of water and salts leads to rapid dehydration with
circulatory and renal insufficiency and mental torpor, and if nothing
is done
Amoebiasis
Infectious disease caused by food and drinks contaminated with
cysts of Entamoeba histolitica, eliminated with the faeces from
infected individuals. The cysts are located and develop the
intestine, causing diarrhea (sometimes with blood and mucus),
abdominal pain, fever, pain in the liver.
It spreads in all countries with a low level of health conditions,
particularly in Mexico and Central America, South-East Asia, in the
states of the Persian Gulf. Because there is no vaccine is essential
to control the food and hygiene standards.
Typhoid fever
It 'an infection caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella
transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food and drinks. The
disease manifests itself after an incubator for about 10-14 days,
with fever, which increases gradually up to values of 40-41 ° C,
headache, impairment of the general statement, appearance of
spots on the skin of the chest and skin and the with acute
gastroenteritis.
The disease is present worldwide, but especially in countries with
sanitary situation of low level.
For prophylaxis there are two types of vaccine
GIARDIASIS
Disease in oro-faecal caused by ingestion of cysts of Giardia
lamblia with food and especially with the water. It is characterized
by watery diarrhea with abdominal pain. This disease occurs in all
countries with poor control of the sanitary situation.
Prevention is the control of food and water. The boiling is able to
destroy the cyst.
POLIOMYELITIS
Viral disease that is transmitted by fecal-gold as a result of
ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected feces.
Incubation is 7-14 days and the disease presents with fever, and
interest meningeo flaccid paralysis of the muscles, particularly of
the limbs.
It’s fond in countries with poor sanitary, in particular, is endemic in
Africa, Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand) and Asia
(excluding Japan, North Korea and South).
There are two types of vaccine. An oral vaccine (Sabin), consists of
live attenuated viruses, which gives high protection. It uses up to
12 years and is contraindicated in pregnancy, and immune
deficiencies in adults. The duration of immunity is permanent.
The second vaccine (Salk enhanced) is killed by the virus and is
administered by
ELMINTIASI
Group of intestinal infections from ingestion of certain foods
contaminated with the eggs of these parasites. Among the elmintiasi
there is: the tapeworm, the ascaridi, the ossiuri, the distomatosi, and
others.
They are diseases that can be contracted throughout the world.
For prophylaxis is important the cooking of foods, control of water and
personal hygiene.
DRACUNCULOSI
Disease caused to skin with contaminated water, a small
crustacean, which spreads the worm responsible for the disease
reaching the skin causing blisters and ulcerations.
The disease occurs in Africa, Asia and South America.
Prophylaxis is based on monitoring of the water. The only patient
care is the extraction of worm from the skin.
Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis
LEGIONELLA
Legionella is a widespread disease which may develop where there
are rivers, lakes, springs, groundwater and wet lands. Legionella
penetrates through the human respiratory tract. The risk to get
this desease dependes on the microrganism, the guest and
characteristics of the water.