Transcript Disease Test - bms8thgradescience

Disease Test
Vocabulary Terms
Essay/Short Answer
Question Review
Challenge Questions
Vocabulary
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Infectious
Noninfectious
Bacteria
Virus
Antibiotic
Antigen
Antibody
Vaccine/vaccination
Pathogens
Immunity
Toxin
HIV/AIDS
Immune Response
MRSA
Cancer
Tumor
Carcinogen
Allergy
Allergen
Histamine
Asthma
Diabetes
Insulin
Pathogens
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What are the 4 types of pathogens?
Which type of pathogen causes the following
illness/disease: colds, flu, Lyme disease,
athlete's foot, strep throat, malaria?
Students will also have 3 essay/short answer questions on the
test. The questions are:
1. Explain why a person usually will not get
a disease after receiving a vaccination
against that disease. (p. 155)
2. Explain why people who have AIDS
often get diseases that rarely affect other
people. (p. 150)
3. Define asthma and describe two
symptoms of the disease. (p. 161)
Explain why a person usually will not get
a disease after receiving a vaccination
against that disease. (p. 155)
 Immunity is the body’s ability to destroy
pathogens before they can cause disease.
 Vaccines contain weakened or killed
pathogens. Vaccines work because they cause
the body to produce antibodies that act against
the pathogen. If the pathogen enters the body
later, special cells recognize the pathogen and
kill it before it can cause sickness.
AIDS: Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome
 Explain why people who have AIDS often get diseases
that rarely affect other people. (p. 150)
 The HIV virus that causes AIDS attacks the immune
system and reduces the body’s ability to fight infections
by damaging white blood cells.
 People who have AIDS have a weakened immune
system that cannot protect them from diseases that
rarely affect others, so they can get very sick or die
from diseases not normally found in people with
healthy immune systems.
Asthma:
Define asthma and describe
two symptoms of the disease. (p. 161)
 Asthma is a disorder in which the
respiratory passages narrow significantly.
 The narrowing causes symptoms such as
wheezing and shortness of breath.
 People with allergies often develop
asthma. However, asthma attacks may
be brought on by other factors such as
stress and exercise.
Additional Challenge
Questions
 Explain why MRSA as an infectious
disease is more serious than a normal
infection disease pathogen like
streptococcus.
 Explain how the following parts of the
body’s immune system are involved in
the body’s immune response:
lymphocytes, t-cells, antigens, b-cells,
antibodies. (p. 148-149)
Explain how the following parts of the body’s immune
system are involved in the body’s immune response:
lymphocytes, t-cells, antigens, b-cells, antibodies. (p. 148149)
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The body's first line of defense to keep pathogens out
of the body includes barriers such as the skin,
breathing passages, the mouth, and the stomach.
If pathogens get past these barriers into the body and
begin to damage cells, this triggers the second line of
defense, the inflammatory response, in which fluid and
white blood cells leak from blood vessels into nearby
tissues to fight the pathogens.
Inflammation, or swelling, and fever actually help your
body fight the infection.
Immune Response
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If a pathogen infection is severe enough to cause a fever, it triggers
the body's third line of defense—the immune response.
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that can distinguish between
different kinds of pathogens and create antibodies that can
destroy the pathogen.
T-cells are lymphocytes that recognize marker molecules, called
antigens, on different types of pathogens.
B-cells are lymphocytes that produce proteins, called antibodies,
that help destroy pathogens. When antibodies bind to the
antigens on a pathogen, they mark the pathogen for destruction.
MRSA: Explain why MRSA as an infectious disease is more
serious than a normal infection disease pathogen like streptococcus.
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MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
MRSA is a “staph” germ that does not get better with the first-line
antibiotics that usually cure staph infections. When this occurs,
the germ is “resistant” to the antibiotic.
MRSA is the result of decades of often unnecessary antibiotic use.
For years, antibiotics have been prescribed for colds, flu and other
viral infections that don't respond to these drugs. Even when
antibiotics are used appropriately, they contribute to the rise of
drug-resistant bacteria because they don't destroy every germ
they target. Germs that survive treatment with one antibiotic soon
“learn” to resist others.
MRSA infections can resist the effects of many common
antibiotics, so they are more difficult to treat. This can allow the
infections to spread and sometimes become life-threatening.
MRSA Treatment
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MRSA is treatable. By definition, MRSA is resistant to some
antibiotics. But other kinds of antibiotics still work.
Some of these antibiotics are only available intravenously.
Unfortunately, there is emerging antibiotic resistance being
seen with some of these medications.
If you are prescribed antibiotics, follow your health care
provider's instructions precisely. Never stop taking your
medicine, even if you're feeling better. If you don't take all of
your medicine, some of the staph bacteria may survive.
These survivors then have the potential to become resistant
to the antibiotic. They also could re-infect you or infect
someone else.