Transcript Bloodborne Pathogens

Why am I Here Today?
 To protect employees and students against exposure to
bloodborne diseases.
Bloodborne Pathogen Definition
 Bloodborne: carried in blood
 Pathogens: microbes that cause disease
 Bloodborne Pathogens: germs carried in the
blood
Occupational Risk Factors
 First aid
 Cleaning body fluid spills
 Monitoring altercations
Communicable Disease
Transmission
 Airborne- through
 Food borne- from food
the air
 Direct/Indirect- direct
 Fecal / Oral
contact, or you touched a
surface
 Bloodborne- blood or
body secretions
 Waterborne
Personal Risk Factors
 Unprotected sexual contact
 Sharing used needles
 drug use
razors
 body piercing
toothbrushes
 tattooing
 Perinatal- can be passed from mother to child during
pregnancy
Unlikely Sources of Contamination
 Feces
 Sputum
 Urine
 Sweat
 Vomit
 Tears
 Nasal Secretions
 Saliva
You Cannot become Infected
with these Viruses through
Casual Contact






Coughing
Sneezing
A kiss on the cheek
Hugging or shaking hands
Drinking fountains
Food
Three Things Necessary
1.
Person must be infected
2.
Port of exit
1.
Port of entry
Occupational Risk Factors
 Contact with infectious body fluids to
broken skin
 Contact with infectious body fluids to
mucous membranes
 Puncture wounds with used needles
Three Primary Bloodborne
Diseases
 HIV
 Hepatitis B
 Hepatitis C
H - human
I - immunodeficiency
V - virus
A - acquired
I - immuno
D - deficiency
S - syndrome
HIV/ AIDS tranmission facts
 Attacks the immune system
 1cc of blood 300-10,000 viral particles
 Dies when fluid dries
 0.5% risk of infection after exposure
 No vaccine
 No cure
 Recovery Rare
Hepatitis: Inflammation of the
Liver
Types of Viral Hepatitis
 Hepatitis A
fecal / oral
 Hepatitis B
bloodborne
 Hepatitis C
bloodborne
HBV Symptoms- Hep B
 May or may not exhibit symptoms
 May be unaware they are contagious
 Flu-like symptoms – fatigue, weight loss, fever,
diarrhea
 May require hospitalization
 Blood and other body fluids are infected
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
 Unprotected sex & sharing needles
 Strong virus
 Can live up to one week outside of the body
 1cc of blood contains 100,000,000 viral particles
 Treatment (No Cure)
Those who should be tested for
HBV, HIV, but not for HCV
 People with multiple sex partners
 People with an infected steady partner
 Anyone post needle stick
Hepatitis B Vaccination
 Three injections over 6 months
 Booster doses are not recommended.
 80 - 95% effective after series is completed
Hepatitis B Vaccination
Common Side Effect
Most
 Slight soreness at the injection site (17%)
 More serious reactions may occur in 1% of vaccinations
given
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
 Most common bloodborne infection in US
 More concentrated than HIV
 Most people have no symptoms
 No Vaccine
 No effective post-exposure prophylaxis
 Treatment effective in 15 - 30 %
 85% develop chronic infection
 Leading indication for liver transplants
Standard Precautions
 An approach to infection control where all human
body fluids of all persons are treated as if known to be
infectious for communicable diseases
Personal Protective Equipment
 Gloves- demonstration
 disposable
 utility
 Goggles
 Gowns
Use of Disposable Gloves
 Think about what you touch while your wearing them!
 Properly dispose of contaminated gloves in the trash.
 Wash hands after using them.
 Waterless hand cleaner as temporary measure only.
Handwashing
 THE SINGLE MOST EFFECTIVE BARRIER TO
PREVENT THE TRANSFER OF GERMS is to use soap
and running water. Scrub for at least 30 seconds, rinse
well, dry with paper towel (use to turn off faucet)
Types of Waste Found in School
Setting
 Sharps containers
 Regulated waste
 Contaminated but not regulated
Exposure Incident
 a specific eye, mouth , other mucous membrane, non-
intact skin, or parenteral (contaminated needles and
sharp instruments), contact with blood or other
potentially infectious materials that results from the
performance of an employee’s duties.
Exposure Incident
 How they occur in the hospital environment
 Personal protective equipment failure
 Equipment may not be readily available
 Employee may not know how to use equipment
 Employee may choose not to use equipment
 Failure of protective equipment
What Should I Do If I Have An
Accidental Contact With Body
Fluids?
 Wash area thoroughly with soap and warm water
 Contact Mrs. Hoffman or Dr. Pate immediately!!!!
 Report to supervisor
Quiz
true or false
 Blood is the single most important source of
HIV, HBV and HCV in the work place.
 People infected with HBV do recover
 There are vaccines to prevent HBV
 HBV, HCV, and HIV spread most easily through
contact with contaminated blood.
 You can be exposed to BBP at work if blood or
other infectious material contacts your broken
skin or mucous membranes.
 Feces, urine & vomit can put you at risk of
exposure to BBP whether or not they contain
visible blood.
 You need to wash your hands after removing gloves only
when you touched the contaminated side of the a glove.
 Hand washing is your main protection against the
spread of infection
 HBV can survive in dried blood on surfaces for at least
one week
 Universal Precautions were developed to prevent the
transmission of BBP when providing first aid and
health care.
 Always use a pocket mask or other respiratory
device when you have to resuscitate someone in
an emergency.
 It is not advisable to encourage victims to
administer their own first aid.
 An athlete who is injured and bleeding should
stop play immediately and have the wound
cleaned and bandaged before returning to
game
 Most exposures to blood result in infection