Transcript PCS Bloodborne Training

Pender County Schools
Bloodborne Employee Training
Bloodborne Pathogen Training
 This powerpoint has been developed to help
meet OSHA requirements at initiation of
employment. A refresher course will be given
annually during employment.
 Please review the entire powerpoint. Complete
the enclosed test, sign, date and return to the
Personnel Director, who will then forward it to
the School Nurse in the area where you are
assigned.
 The Personnel Director and School Nurse can
address any questions or concerns.
Who can conduct training?
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Registered nurses
Athletic trainers
Safety Director
Other designated persons designated who
are knowledgeable of OSHA regulations and
PCS’s Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure
Control Plan.
What are Bloodborne
Pathogens?
 Bloodborne pathogens are
infectious materials in blood that can
cause disease in humans.
 These include hepatitis B and C and
human immunodeficiency virus, or
HIV.
 Workers exposed to these
pathogens risk serious illness or
death.
How are Bloodborne Pathogens
Spread in the Workplace
A person can be infected when blood from an
infected person:
 Enters the skin from contaminated needles or
other contaminated sharp objects (ie. Broken
glass)
 Enters the body through broken skin (scratch,
cut, chapped hands)
 Enters mucous membranes by spraying or
splashing of blood (or body fluids containing
blood) into the mouth, nose or eyes.
HEPATITIS B (HBV)
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What is Hepatitis B?
An inflammatory liver disease caused by the
hepatitis B virus
Results in liver cell damage that can lead to
scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) and increased risk
of liver cancer in some people.
It is 100 times more infectious than HIV, has no
cure, and can be fatal.
In a dried state, HBV may remain viable on
surfaces for up to 1 week and maybe longer.
It is the only bloodborne disease with a vaccine
available for protection.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Transmission
HBV is transmitted primarily through “blood to
blood” contact:
 by accidental needle sticks
 other contaminated sharps injuries
 sexual contact
 mucous membrane contact
 through open cuts.
Risk most often occurs in unprotected direct or
indirect contact with infected blood.
It is not transmitted by casual contact.
HEPATITIS B (HBV)
Symptoms
Many people with newly
acquired hepatitis B have
no symptoms at all or they
may have very mild and
flu-like symptoms:
 Loss of appetite
 Stomach pain
 Nausea
 Fatigue
 Muscle or joint aches
 Mild fever
 Possibly jaundice
(yellowish tinge to the
skin) &
 Darkened urine.
Symptoms may not become
noticeable for 1-9 months,
after exposure.
HEPATITIS B (HBV)
Disease Outcome
 Acute infection: 95% of infected adults develop
antibodies and recover spontaneously within six
months. Upon recovery, they develop immunity
to the virus and they are not infectious to others.
 Chronic infection: 5% of infected adults
become carriers of the virus, are chronically
infected, and can infect others. The HBV virus
remains in blood and body fluids – they may or
may not show outward signs or symptoms.
HEPATITIS B (HBV)
Preventing HBV Infection –
things you can do:
 Get the HBV vaccinations - vaccination provides
protection for more than 15 years, and possibly a
lifetime. HBV booster shots are not recommended.
 Wear gloves and other personal protective equipment
when cleaning up blood and other potentially infectious
materials.
 Cover any broken skin and rashes with bandages.
 Clean up any blood spills with an EPA-registered
tuberculocidal disinfectant.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
What Is Hepatitis C?
 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a virus that causes
inflammation of the liver.
 Many infected individuals show no signs or
symptoms.
 Hepatitis C is a slow-progressing disease
that may take 10-40 years to cause serious
liver damage in some people.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Transmission
 The hepatitis C virus is found mainly in
blood.
 Injection drug use is the primary risk for
HCV infection.
 HCV is not spread through kissing or
casual contact.
 HCV may be transmitted by accidental
needle sticks – needles contaminated with
HCV-positive blood.
 HCV is rarely spread through sexual
contact.
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV)
The hepatitis C virus
may also be
transmitted
by using:
 Razors
 Needles
 Toothbrushes
 Nail files
 Barber's scissors
 Tattooing equipment
 Body piercing or
 Acupuncture needles
-if these items are
contaminated by blood
of an infected person.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Symptoms
 Most people who are
infected with the HCV
do not have symptoms
and are leading normal
lives.
 Most people do not
have jaundice
although jaundice can
sometimes occur along
with dark urine.
If symptoms are present
they may be very mild
and flu-like
 Nausea
 Fatigue
 Loss of appetite
 Fever
 Headaches &
 Abdominal pain.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
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Preventing HCV Infection
There is no vaccine to prevent HCV.
Vaccines for Hepatitis A and B do not
provide immunity against hepatitis C.
Avoid handling anything that may have the
blood of an infected person on it.
Handle needles and sharps with extreme
caution – use a brush and dustpan or
tongs to pick up broken glass and other
sharp objects contaminated with blood.
Never directly use your hands .
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
What is HIV?
HIV stands for
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV is the virus that causes
AIDS.
AIDS stands for
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
 Acquired means that the disease is not
hereditary but develops after birth from
contact with a disease causing agent (in this
case, HIV).
 Immunodeficiency means that the disease is
characterized by a weakening of the immune
system.
 Syndrome refers to a group of symptoms that
collectively indicate or characterize a
disease. In the case of AIDS this can include
the development of certain infections and/or
cancers, as well as a decrease in the number
of certain cells in a person’s immune system.
AIDS
 AIDS weakens the body’s immune system
so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases.
AIDS is a fatal disease.
 There is no cure and no vaccine for AIDS.
HIV
 The HIV virus will not survive long outside of the
human body. HIV particles are reduced by
90-99% within several hours upon drying.
 Employees providing first aid or medical care
involving fresh blood are at-risk.
 Transmission may occur through accidental
needle-sticks, sexual contact, open cuts, or
mucous membranes of the eyes or inside of the
nose.
 Biting is not a common way of transmitting HIV;
however, severe trauma with extensive tissue
tearing and damage and presence of blood
would be of concern.
HIV
Transmission
 Saliva, tears, and sweat - HIV has been found in
saliva and tears in very low quantities from some
AIDS patients. However, finding a small amount
of HIV in a body fluid does not necessarily mean
that HIV can be transmitted by that body fluid.
HIV has not been recovered from the sweat of
HIV-infected persons. Contact with saliva, tears,
or sweat has never been shown to result in
transmission of HIV.
 HIV is not spread by causal contact.
HIV
Symptoms
Many people who are
infected with HIV do not
have any symptoms at
all for many years.
Symptoms include:
 Rapid weight loss;
 Dry cough;
 Recurring fever or
profuse night sweats;
 Profound and
unexplained fatigue;
 Swollen lymph glands
in the armpits, groin, or
neck;
 Diarrhea that lasts for
more than a week;
 White spots or unusual
blemishes on the tongue,
in the mouth, or in the
throat
 Pneumonia
 Red, brown, pink, or
purplish blotches on or
under the skin or inside
the mouth, nose, or
eyelids
 Memory loss
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is
not a bloodborne pathogen.
 HAV is found in the stool (feces) of persons
with hepatitis A.
 HAV is usually spread from person to person
by putting something in the mouth (even
though it may look clean) that has been
contaminated with the stool of a person with
hepatitis A. This is called “fecal-oral”
transmission.
 There is no chronic (long-term) infection.
 Once you have had hepatitis A you cannot
get it again.
 There is now a vaccine available for
protection.
Basics of Infection With
Boodborne Pathogens
All of these factors must be present for a
potential exposure to occur:
 Infected source
 An entry site
 Potential route of transmission
 An unprotected, susceptible person
Prevent the Spread of
Bloodborne Diseases
 Avoid blood or other
potentially infectious
material
 Properly Wash Hands
 Use barriers (gloves)
 Clean up area with
approved disinfectant
 Use caution when
handling
contaminated items
Prevent the Spread of
Bloodborne Diseases
 Wear gloves during contact with blood or
body fluids. They could possibly contain
blood, urine, feces, or vomit.
 Cover cuts, sores, or breaks on
exposed skin with bandages.
 Thoroughly Wash Hands and other
parts of the body immediately after
contact with blood or other body fluids,
including your own.
Prevent the Spread of
Bloodborne Diseases
 Handle needles and other contaminated
items very carefully.
 Never re-cap or bend needles. Dispose of
needles & sharp items in puncture-proof
containers.
 Disinfect soiled surfaces with an EPAregistered tuberculocidal disinfectant.
Exposure Risk Determination
An employee’s risk of
exposure to infected
blood is determined
by an evaluation of
two variables:
1. The employee’s risk
of contacting blood,
based on occupation
group, and;
2. The presence of
persons infected with
HIV or HBV.
Employee Tasks which may
cause exposure
 Breaking up fights
 Assisting with nose
bleeds
 Cleaning up bloody
waste
 Any task that results in
a break in the skinsuch as a bite
 Rendering first aid and
other instances
involving blood
HEPATITIS B VACCINE
•Hepatitis B Vaccine can be
given at your doctor’s office or
at the local county health
department.
•It consist of a series of three
shots over a period of 6
months.
•All three shots must be
completed to ensure immunity.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
 Employees who have been identified as
having a high potential of occupational
exposure to blood or other infectious
materials, will be offered the Hepatitis B
vaccine at no cost, through the Pender
County Health Department.
Procedures to follow if an exposure
incident occurs
 If there is an exposure, wash the exposed
area immediately.
 Notify your supervisor.
 Notify the School Nurse.
 The School Nurse may also advise you to
seek medical evaluation & treatment
based on the exposure situation.
Post Exposure Evaluation &
Follow Up
– Notify School Nurse and Administrator.
– Notify Human Resources of exposure.
– Communicate any medical care and/or
treatment plans or follow up care with the
Human Resources Director.
Work Area Practices
 Employees will wear
gloves where it is
reasonably
anticipated that
employees will have
hand contact with
blood and other
potentially infectious
materials.
 Employees shall
wash their hands
immediately or as
soon as possible
after removal of
gloves or other
personal protective
equipment.
Work Area Practices
 Employees who
are likely to be
exposed to
human bites
should wear long
sleeves or other
protective
clothing.
 If exposed,
remove all
garments that are
penetrated by
blood
immediately.
Place in plastic
bag.
Work Area Practices
 All procedures are conducted in a manner to
minimize splashing, spraying, splattering,
and generation of droplets of blood or other
potentially infectious materials.
Personal Protective Equipment
 All personal protective equipment used is
provided at no cost to employees.
 Personal protective equipment is chosen
based on the anticipated exposure to blood
or other potentially infectious materials
 The School Nurse can arrange for any
personal protective equipment required.
Gloves
 Gloves are worn where it is reasonably
anticipated that employees will have
contact with blood or other potentially
infectious materials.
 Latex sensitive employees will be provided
with suitable alternative personal protective
equipment.
Housekeeping
 It is important to remember that
contaminated surfaces are a major cause of
the spread of hepatitis.
 Hepatitis B virus can survive on
environmental surfaces dried and at room
temperatures for at least 7 days.
Housekeeping
 Employers shall ensure that the worksite is
maintained in a clean and sanitary
condition.
 Employees involved in decontamination of
work surfaces or equipment, or who
handle contaminated laundry, must wear
gloves to prevent contact with blood or
other potentially infectious materials.
Labels
School districts are not viewed
by the state as generators of
“regulated medical waste” and
are not required to use red
waste containers, bags or
labels.
CONTAMINATED CLOTHING
Anyone who has clothing that
has blood or body fluids on
them must change into clean
clothing immediately. A person
cannot remain at school with
blood or body fluids on
clothing.
Laundry Procedures
 Use gloves and follow universal precautions when
handling contaminated laundry or other potentially
infectious materials.
 Bag all contaminated gauze, bandages, or paper
towels at the area where contaminated. Place in
leak proof plastic bags prior to placing in trash.
 Place contaminated clothing in plastic bags and
send home with the child. The laundry may not be
sorted or rinsed in the area of use.
Questions are Encouraged
 If you have any
questions or concerns
about this program,
please contact the
Personnel Director,
Safety Director or your
School Nurse.