Transcript Respiratory Disorders PPT

Respiratory Disorders
Pleurisy






Inflammation of the pleura
lining of the lungs
Usually occurs in conjunction
with pneumonia and other
lung infections
Symptoms:
Sharp, stabbing pain when
breathing
Dyspnea
Fever
Thoracentesis
Insertion of a needle through the thoracic cavity
and into the pleural cavity to drain fluid
 antibiotics

Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung
 Corrected by putting in a chest tube to reinflate
the lung

Common Cold




Contagious viral
respiratory infection
Indirect causes – chilling,
fatigue, lack of proper
food, and not enough
sleep
Rx – stay in bed, drink
warm liquids and fruit
juice, good nutrition
Also called an Upper
Respiratory Infection
(URI)
Bronchitis

Inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the
trachea and bronchial tubes

Produces excessive mucus
May be acute or chronic
 COPD

Bronchitis

Acute bronchitis
characterized by
cough, fever,
substernal pain and
RALES -rhonchi

Chronic bronchitis –
middle or old age,
cigarette smoking
most common cause
Influenza (Flu)
Viral infection causing
inflammation of the
mucus membranes
 Symptons: Fever,
mucopurulent discharge,
muscular pain, extreme
exhaustion
 Complications:
pneumonia, neuritis, otitis
media and pleurisy
 Rx: treat the symptons

Pneumonia





Infection of the lung
Can be caused by bacteria
or virus
Alveoli fill with exudate
(pus like drainage)
Symptons – chest pain,
fever, chills, and dyspnea
Rx – O2 and antibiotics if
caused by bacteria
Tuberculosis (TB)
Very infectious lung disease
 Cause: Myobacterium
tuberculosis (a tubercle
bacillus)
 May also affect kidneys,
bones, and lymph
 Tubercles (lesions) form in
the lungs

Tuberculosis (TB) Symptoms





Cough
Low grade fever in the afternoon
Weight loss
Night sweat
INH OR RIFAMPIN DRUGS-FOR ONE YEAR
Tuberculosis
Diagnosis – Mantous Test (skin test)
 If skin test positive – follow up with chest X-ray
and sputum sample
 RX – INH for one year

Tuberculosis Game

Go to this website and play this computer
game about tuberculosis:

nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicin
e/tuberculosis/







Rare infectious disease
Cause – Corynebacterium
diphtheria
Prevented by a childhood vaccine
Spread by nasal droplets
The bacteria release a toxin,
which can produce nerve
paralysis and heart failure
The infection causes a severe
sore throat with swollen glands.
The patient is infectious for up
to 2 weeks and about 1 in 15
patients will die.
Diptheria
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)





Caused by the Bordetella
bacterium
Symptoms: Severe coughing
attacks that end in a
“whooping” sound and
dyspnea
Childhood vaccine to prevent
this disease
Can last 6 weeks to several
months
Coughing attacks worse at
night
Asthma
Inflammatory airway
obstruction
 Caused by an allergen
or psychological stress
 5% of Americans have
asthma
 CAN BE EXERCISED
INDUCED

Asthma





Symptoms:
Difficulty Exhaling
Dyspnea
Wheezing-HIGH
PITCHED BREATHING
Tightness in chest
Asthma

Rx: anti-inflammatory
drugs and inhaled
bronchodilator
Silicosis
Cause: breathing dust containing silicon dioxide
over a long period of time
 Lungs become fibrosed, reduced ability to
expand

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD)
Describes chronic
lung conditions,
especiailly empysema
and chronic bronchitis
 15 million Americans
suffer from COPD
 90% attributed to
smoking

Emphysema





Alveoli becomdes dilated,
lose their elasticity, can’t
rebound/REINFLATE
May eventually rupture
Air becomes trapped, can’t
exhale – froced exhalation
required
Reduced exchange of O2 and
CO2-barrel chested
Dyspnea increases as
desease progresses.
Suddent Infant Death Syndrome
(SIDS)





Also known as “crib
death”
Usually between 2
weeks to 1 year
Leading cause of
death for children
from birth to 1yr.
Cause – unknown
Rx – sleep monitor
Apnea – not breathing
 Dsypnea – difficult or painful breathing
 Tachypnea – fast breathing
 Hyperpnea – exaggerated deep labored
breathing as seen after exercise
 Bradypnea-slow breathing
 Orthopnea – difficulty breathing in laying
flat.sit straight up to breathe
 Hyperventilation – fast, shallow breathing
 Rales – noisy , moist breathing-fluid in
lungs

To Be Continued……….