Transcript Today Ten Great Public Health Achievements of the 20th Century

The Health Status of Americans in the
21st Century: How we got here
Life Expectancy in the history
Roman Empire – 22
 Middle Ages in Europe – 33
 American Revolution – 36
 1900 – 47
 Currently – women 79 and men 72
 39% of women living today and 21% of men can
expect to celebrate their 85th birthday
 Projections for 2050 – women 85.6, men 79.7
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Leading Causes of Death in the U.S. in
1900
Leading Causes of Death, U.S. 2010
Leading Causes of Death in North Carolina, 2011
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Three Eras of Public Health In America
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Age of Environment 1875 -1930
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Age of Medicine
1931-1960
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Age of Lifestyle
1961 - Today
Ten Great Public Health Achievements of
the 20th Century
Age of the Environment (1875-1930)
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City Health Department
Control of infectious disease
Pasteurization of Milk
Public Health Campaigns
Development of Sanitary Sewers
Safer and healthier food
Safer workplaces
Fluoridation of drinking water
Ten Great Public Health Achievements of
the 20th Century
Age of Medicine (1931 – 1960)
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Antibiotics
 Sulfa Drugs
 Penicillin
 Anti-TB Drugs
Open Heart Surgery/CABG
Vaccines for Diphtheria, Whooping Cough and Polio
Radiation and chemotherapy for cancer
Flouridation of drinking water
Ten Great Public Health Achievements of
the 20th Century
Age of Lifestyle (1961 – Present)
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The first Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and
Health
 Recognition of the importance of exercise and health
 Recognition of the preventive nutrition
 Re-emergence of behaviorally-related infectious
disease
 Motor Vehicle Safety
 Oral Contraception/family planning
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Click here to read about the Ten Great
Public Health Achievements --- United
States, 2001— 2010
Causes of All Deaths in the U.S., 2010
Cardiovascular
Disease
32%
Other Causes
36%
Diabetes
3%
COPD
5%
Cancer
23%
The Burden of Chronic Disease
More than 1.7 million Americans die of a chronic
disease each year
Chronic diseases
account for 75% of
the $1.8 trillion we
spend on healthcare
More than 125 million
Americans live with chronic
conditions, and millions of
new cases are diagnosed each
year
Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000
Mokdad, AH, et al (2004). JAMA, 291, 1238-1246.
Causes
Tobacco
Poor Diet/Physical Activity
Alcohol Consumption
Microbial Agents
Toxic Agents (pollutants)
Motor Vehicles
Firearms
Sexual Behavior
Illicit Drug Use
Number
400,000
300,000
100,000
90,000
60,000
43,000
29,000
20,000
17,000
Percentage
18.1%
16.6%
3.5%
3.1%
2.3%
1.8%
1.2%
0.8%
0.7%
Lifestyle
The sum of decisions made by individual
that impact their health. These decisions
may affect health negatively by creating
self-imposed risk or positively by creating
protective factors.
4/1/2016
Percentage of premature deaths
preventable by intervention
strategy
10%
16%
50 %
24%
Lifestyle
Genetics
Environment
Medicine