Transcript Blood borne pathogens

Blood borne Pathogens
What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?
?
Bloodborne pathogens are
microorganisms such as viruses
or bacteria that are carried in
blood and can cause disease in
people.
Training
The employer shall train each employee with
occupational exposure in accordance with the
requirements:
•
At the time of initial assignment to tasks where
occupational exposure may take place
•
At least annually thereafter
•
Provide additional training when changes such as
modifications of tasks or procedures or institution of new
tasks or procedures affect the employee’s occupational
exposure (additional training may be limited to
addressing the new exposures created)
Company Overview
Slide 3
Types of Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne pathogens include:
Malaria
Syphilis
Brucellosis - contact with animals (i.e.
dairy)
Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Workplace Concerns
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
Hepatitis B (HBV)…
is a virus that causes infection and
inflammation of the liver
is transmitted primarily through "blood to
blood" contact
can lead to serious conditions such as
cirrhosis & liver cancer
can survive in dried blood for up to seven
days
Hepatitis B (HBV)…
There is no "cure" or specific treatment for
HBV
Many people develop antibodies to fight the
disease which may prevent future infection
Hepatitis B (HBV)…
Vaccines are available to those who’s job
requires them to be exposed to bloodborne
pathogens
Typically the vaccines are a series of 3 shots
and then blood work to determine if the
vaccine took (you developed antibodies)
However, the licensed health care provider
(LHCP) will determine the course of action
that needs to be taken for each employee.
Company Overview
Slide 8
Hepatitis B (HBV)…
Vaccines are provided by the company
Employees who decline to take the vaccine
must sign a declination form
These employee can come back at any
time and request the vaccine
Company Overview
Slide 9
Hepatitis B (HBV)…
Incubation period is 30 – 180 days. Initial
symptoms can include:
Mild flu-like symptoms
Fatigue
Possible stomach pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Symptoms can last 3-10 days. This is followed
by jaundice or dark urine.
What is Hepatitis C? (HCV)
Hepatitis C is a disease of the liver caused
by the hepatitis C virus. HCV is spread by
contact with the blood of a hepatitis C if
you:
were notified that you received blood from a
donor who later tested positive for hepatitis C
have ever injected illegal drugs, even if you
experimented a few times many n infected
person. You may be at risk for years ago
received a blood transfusion or solid organ
transplant before July, 1992
HCV cont’d…
received a blood product for clotting problems
produced before 1987
have ever been on long-term kidney dialysis
have evidence of liver disease (e.g., persistently
abnormal ALT levels)
There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C Virus.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency
syndrome, is a disease caused by a virus
called the human immunodeficiency virus,
or HIV.
It may be many years before AIDS actually
develops.
HIV attacks the body's immune system,
weakening it so that it cannot fight other
deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease, and
while treatment for it is improving, there is
no known cure.
HIV and Direct Contact
The HIV virus is very fragile and will not
survive very long outside of the human body.
It is primarily of concern to employees
providing first aid or medical care in
situations involving fresh blood or other
potentially infectious materials.
HIV Symptoms
Symptoms of HIV infection can vary, but often
include:
Weakness
Fever
Sore throat
Nausea
Headaches
Diarrhea
White coating on the tongue
Weight loss
Swollen lymph glands
Some Workers Who are at Risk
Physicians, nurses and emergency room personnel
Orderlies, housekeeping personnel, and laundry workers
Dentists and other dental workers
Laboratory and blood bank technologists and technicians
Medical examiners and morticians
Law enforcement personnel and firefighters
Paramedics and emergency medical technicians
Anyone providing first-response medical care
Medical waste treatment employees
Home healthcare workers
Discuss the jobs/tasks at your site where there could be a exposure to a
bloodborne pathogen.
Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission
Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted through
contact with infected human blood and other
body fluids such as:
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Cerebrospinal fluid (brain & spine)
Synovial fluid (joints)
Pleural fluid (lungs)
Peritoneal fluid (heart)
Amniotic fluid (baby)
Saliva with visible blood (in Dental setting)
Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission
In the occupational setting, transmission is
by percutaneous injuries
(needlesticks/sharp puncture or cut),
mucous membrane and non-intact skin
exposure to contaminated blood or other
potentially infectious materials (OPIM).
HCV is transmitted by percutaneous
exposure to contaminated blood and
plasma derivatives.
Company Overview
Slide 18
Skin Provides a Barrier
Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier
against bloodborne pathogens. However,
infected blood can enter your system through:
Open sores
Cuts
Abrasions
Acne
Any sort of damaged or broken skin such
as sunburn or blisters
Mucous Membranes
Bloodborne pathogens may also be
transmitted through the mucous
membranes of the:
Eyes
Nose
Mouth
Risk of Infection After Occupational Exposure
Not all the bloodborne pathogens carry the same risk of
infection from an occupational exposure. Frequency in
patient population, the ability of the virus to survive on
environmental surfaces and the amount of virus present
in the body fluid, all impact the risk of acquiring infection,
if exposed. The following table demonstrates infection
risk from a percutaneous exposure to HBV, HCV, and HIV.
Risk of Infection From Percutaneous Exposure
Virus
Viral particles/mL of serum/plasma
Infection Risk
HBV
102 - 108
30%
HCV
100 - 106
3%
HIV
100 - 103
0.3%
Company Overview
Slide 21
Signs & Labels
Warning labels must be placed on
containers of regulated waste,
refrigerators and freezers containing
blood or other potentially infectious
material; and other containers used to
store, transport, or ship blood or other
potentially infectious materials.
What is Regulated Waste?
Any liquid or semi-liquid blood or
other potentially infectious
materials
Contaminated items that would
release blood or other potentially
infectious materials in a liquid or
semi-liquid state if compressed
Items that are caked with dried
blood or other potentially
infectious materials
Hierarchy
Engineering Controls
These controls reduce employee exposure by either
removing the hazard or isolating the hazard.
Administrative Controls
These controls reduce the likelihood of exposure by
altering how a task is performed. Examples include:
• Wash hands after removing gloves and as soon as possible after
exposure
• Do not bend or break sharps
• No food or smoking in work areas
Company Overview
Slide 24
Hierarchy
PPE
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for
protection against infectious materials:
- Must be properly cleaned, laundered, repaired, and disposed of
at no cost to employees
- Must be removed when leaving area or upon contamination
Company Overview
Slide 25
How Should Any Type of Exposure Be Handled?
Universal Precautions- an approach to
infectious control in which all human blood
and most bodily fluids are treated as
infectious materials
Types of PPE
•
Face shield
•
Barrier masks
•
Gloves
Emergencies
 In
an emergency situation, call for
professional medical help and notify your
immediate supervisor
 Only
provide emergency treatment to the
level of your training (after medics have been
summoned) and ONLY IF proper
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (i.e. barrier mask,
gloves, etc) is available.
 Remember
to treat all injured victims using
Universal Precautions. Allow medical staff to
clean up and dispose of any contaminated
waste materials.
Post Exposure Follow-Up
Knowing the right steps to take after an exposure
incident is critical in reducing the likelihood of
acquiring a bloodborne pathogen.
Immediately after any exposure incident:
•
Wash the exposed are with soap and water; if the exposure
involves the eyes, you should flush with tap water
• Report the incident to your supervisor and complete an
incident report
• Report the incident to your site’s Safety Specialist
• Follow any instructions given for treatment
Company Overview
Slide 28
Exposure Control Plan
Your site’s Exposure Control Plan covers exposure
control, the facilities where the vaccinations and
the testing is performed; post exposure incident
evaluations, exposure incident investigations and
the declination form for Hepatitis B.
Review your site’s Exposure Control Plan
Company Overview
Slide 29