Transcript 2.03 Understand the respiratory system

2.06 Understand the functions
and disorders of the respiratory
system
2.06 Understand the functions and
disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions
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What are the functions of the respiratory system?
What are some disorders of the respiratory system?
How are disorders of the respiratory system treated?
What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
respiratory system?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Functions of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory System
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Nose
Sinuses
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Lower Respiratory System
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Trachea
Lungs
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Discuss the Functions of the
Upper Respiratory System Structures
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Nose
Sinuses- warm and moisten air
Pharynx- common passageway for air and
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food
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Epiglottis- Flap of cartilage allows air to pass through
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Larynx- Voice box
Trachea- Windpipe
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and closes during swallowing.
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Discuss the Functions of the
Lower Respiratory System Structures
Trachea
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Bronchi
Bronchial tubes
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs
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Pleura
Mediastinum
Diaphragm
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Functions of the Respiratory System
Discuss the functions of
the respiratory system.
What is the relevance to
your health?
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Breathing
Discuss the process of
breathing.
 External respiration-
Exhalation
Breathing or ventilation
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Internal respirationThe exchange of CO2 and O2
between the cells and lymph
surrounding them
Inhalation
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Breathing
1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration
How many times does a normal adult breath per minute?
14-20
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Control of breathing
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Neural Factors
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Explain the role of the
Medulla Oblongata- The
respiratory center is located
here.
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What does the Phrenic
Nerve do? It is a nerve that
controls the diaphragm
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Control of breathing
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Chemical Factors
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What are the chemical
factors involved in
breathing?
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Respiration is dependent on
the level of carbon dioxide in
the blood.
Compare to NEURAL
FACTORS.
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An increase in CO2 or lack of
CO2 will trigger the respiratory
center in the medulla
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Respiratory Movements
Compare respiratory
movements.
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Coughing 
clear the respiratory tract
Hiccups –
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Caused by a spasm of the diaphragm
and spasmodic closure of the glottis.
Perhaps due to irritation of the
diaphragm.
Sneezing –
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Done to clear the upper respiratory
tract.
Yawning –
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Believed to be caused by the need to
increase O2 in the blood.
Why do they occur?
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Types of breathing
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Apnea
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Dyspnea
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difficult breathing while in a horizontal position.
Tachypnea
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fast breathing
Orthopnea
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Normal breathing
Hyperpnea
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difficult breathing
Eupnea
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No breathing
abnormal rapid and shallow breathing
Hyperventilation
rapid breathing which causes the body to lose CO2 too quickly.
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Lung capacity and volume
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Tidal volume
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Inspiratory reserve volume
(IRV)
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The amount of air that moves in and out of the
lungs with each breath.
The amount of air you can force a person to
take in , over and above the tidal volume.
Expiratory reserve volume
(ERV)
The amount of air you can force a person to
exhale over and above the tidal volume.
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Lung capacity and volume
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Vital lung capacity
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Residual volume
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The total amount of air involved with tidal volume,
inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve
volume.
The amount of air that cannot be voluntarily
expelled from the lungs.
Functional residual capacity
The sum of the expiratory reserve volume plus the
residual volume.
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Lung capacity and volume
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Total lung capacity
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Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve
Expiratory reserve
Residual air
Sample
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Respiratory disorders
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Asthma
What is asthma?
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A disease in which the airway
becomes obstructed due to an
inflammatory response to stimuli.
Who most likely has it?
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5 % of the American population have
asthma.
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Respiratory disorders
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Bronchitis
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Inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the trachea and
bronchial tubes
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Acute
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Caused by the spreading of
inflammation from the nasopharynx
Chronic- Can be caused by cigarette
smoking.
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Respiratory disorders
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A disease that is characterized by obstruction to a patient’s airflow that interferes with
normal breathing.
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Respiratory disorders
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COMMON COLD
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What is it? What causes it?
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Highly contagious, usually caused
by a virus.
Hand-washing – best
preventative measure
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Respiratory disorders
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Emphysema
When the alveoli of the lung
become overdilated, lose their
elasticity and cannot rebound.
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The
patient will have dyspnea that
becomes more severe as the disease
progresses.
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Respiratory disorders
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Influenza
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Caused by a virus
Symptoms as shown
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Respiratory disorders
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Pneumonia
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An infection of the lung.
Caused by a bacteria or virus
Alveoli become filled with thick fluid
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Respiratory disorders
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Sinusitis
Infection of the mucous
membrane which lines the
sinus cavities
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Respiratory disorders
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Tuberculosis
An infectious contagious disease of the lungs caused by a bacteria.
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Symptoms are cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss and night sweats.
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Relevance of nutrients to
the respiratory system
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The respiratory
system plays a vital
role in homeostasis
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Discuss the relevance
to your health.
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What is the relevance
to the body’s use of
nutrients?
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of the respiratory system
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2.06 Understand the functions and
disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions



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
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
What are some disorders of the respiratory system?
How are disorders of the respiratory system treated?
What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
respiratory system?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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