Transcript 2107lecture 13

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LAST LECTURE WE TALKED ABOUT
DIETARY VITAMINS IN SPORTS
TODAY WE WILL TALK ABOUT MINERALS
Lecture 13
MINERALS
OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13
MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL
COMMENTS
MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND
NON-ELECTROLYTES
-SOURCES AND
FUNCTIONS
-IDATME
MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND
FUNCTIONS
-IDATME
OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13
MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES
MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS
MINERALS-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS
SINGLE ATOMS
CAN BE CHARGED OR UNCHARGED
IN THE BODY
MAJOR -ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN EXCESS
OF 5 GRAMS
-ELECTROLYTES AND MINERALS
MINOR- ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN AMOUNTS
OF LESS THAN 5 GRAMS
MINERALS- GENERAL COMMENTS
CONTINUED
MOST ESSENTIAL- WE CANNOT MAKE THEM
-SOME DEFICIENCIES HAVE NOT BEEN
ESTABLISHED FOR SOME MINOR MINERALS
MAKING IT UNCLEAR WHETHER THEY ARE
NEEDED IN THE DIET
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MINERALS ?
ELECTROLYTES
IN PART RESPONSIBLE
FOR FLUID BALANCE IN BODY
SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDE
MAJOR MINERALS
CALCIUM, PHOSPHOROUS,
MAGNESIUM AND SULPHUR
SODIUM
FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control,
muscle function, nerve impulse transmission
SOURCES-processed foods
POTASSIUM
FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control,
muscle function, nerve impulse transmission
SOURCES-fruits, vegetables, whole grains
CHLORIDE
FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, part of
stomach acid
SOURCES-same as sodium
CALCIUM
FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, blood clotting,
nerve transmission, muscle function, blood pressure
SOURCES –dairy, fortified orange juice, green leafy
vegetables, small fish with bones
PHOSPHOROUS
FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, pH
control, regulation of coenzyme function
SOURCES-all animal products, bread and ready
to eat cereal
MAGNESIUM
FUNCTION- bone formation, nerve transmission,
protein and carbohydrate metabolism
(enzyme activity)
SOURCES-green leafy vegetables, nuts,
whole grains, seafood, chocolate
SULPHUR
FUNCTION-protein structure, component of biotin,
thiamin and insulin
SOURCES-all protein foods
MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME
INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS
DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN
ABSORPTION-ACTIVE TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT-FREE OR BOUND
FREE- EXAMPLES SODIUM AND
ALL OTHER MAJOR
MINERALS (EXCEPT SULPHUR)
BOUND - SODIUM CHLORIDE
-POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
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-SULPHUR-INSULIN
MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME
METABOLISM- ALL READY IN CORRECT
FORM-MINERALS IN
=MINERALS OUT
EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES
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AND NOW ONTO
MINOR MINERALS
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IRON
FUNCTIONS- OXYGEN TRANSPORT- BLOOD AND
MUSCLE
SOURCES-RED MEATS, TOFU, BREAD
ZINC
FUNCTIONS-TISSUE GROWTH AND WOUND
HEALING, PART OF MANY ENZYMES IN ENERGY
AND NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM
IMMUNE FUNCTION, VITAMIN A TRANSPORT,
INSULIN FUNCTION
SOURCES-MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, BEANS
IODINE
FUNCTIONS-PART OF THYROID HORMONES THAT
REGULATE GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND
METABOLIC RATE
SOURCES-SEAFOOD, IODIZED SALT, BREAD
SELENIUM
FUNCTIONS-ANTIOXIDANT
SOURCES-SEAFOOD, LIVER, GRAINS FROM
SELENIUM RICH SOIL
COPPER
FUNCTIONS-HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION,
PART OF SEVERAL ENZYMES, USED IN ENERGY
METABOLISM
SOURCES-ORGAN MEATS, SEAFOOD, NUTS
MANGANESE
FUNCTIONS-PART OF ENZYMES IN FAT
SYNTHESIS, GROWTH, AND BLOOD CLOTTING
SOURCES -WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN FOODS
FLUORIDE
FUNCTIONS-TOOTH ENAMEL MAINTENANCE,
RESISTANCE TO DENTAL DECAY,BONE FORMATION AND
INTEGRITY
SOURCES-FLUORIDATED WATER(NATURAL OR
OTHERWISE, TEA)
CHROMIUM
FUNCTIONS-CO-FACTOR FOR INSULIN
SOURCES-MEAT, WHOLE GRAIN,
NUTS,CHEESE
MOLYBDENUM
FUNCTIONS-COMPONENT OF MANY
ENZYMES- WORKS WITH RIBOFLAVIN TO
INCORPORATE IRON INTO HEMOGLOBIN
SOURCES –MILK, LEGUMES, BREAD,
GRAINS
MINOR MINERALS-IDATME
INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS
DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN
ABSORPTION-ACTIVE, FACILITATED AND
OCCASIONALLY SIMPLE
TRANSPORT-FREE – RARE- E.G. IODINE
-BOUND- VERY COMMONMOSTLY PROTEIN
E.G. IODINE, IRON
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MINOR VITAMINS
METABOLISM- TO CORRECT FORM AS
REQUIRED
EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES
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MINERAL TOXICITIES AND
DEFICIENCIES
NOT LIKELY IF ONE IS FOLLOWING A PROPER TRAINING
DIET
PROPER TRAINING DIET GIVES SUFFICIENT MINERALS
MINERALS AND THE MACRONUTRIENTS THEY
METABOLISE OR PROTECT FREQUENTLY COME IN A
PACKAGE
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MINERAL TOXICITIES AND
DEFICIENCIES
DEFICIENCY-LOSS OF FUNCTION
TOXICITY –METABOLIC INTERFERENCE
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THUS THERE IS AN INTEGRATION
OF SOURCE, FUNCTION,
DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY
REMEMBER THAT SOURCE CAN
INCLUDE SUPPLEMENTS
INCLUDING PILLS
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MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS- WASTE OF TIME
AND MONEY- NEED MORE MINERALS? –
EAT MORE FOOD
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MORE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS IN
THE DIET MORE MINERALS IN THE DIET
CONTAINING THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND
LIPIDS TO ASSIST WITH THE METABOLISM
OF THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS.
EVERYTHING IS INTEGRATED
IT IS A PACKAGE DEAL!!
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MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS
COPPER
ZINC
SELENIUM
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VITAMIN TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES
SLIDE ON INCREASING VITAMINS WITH INCREASED
CALORIES
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NOTE THE COOPERATION BETWEEN
MINERALS
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SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13
MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL
COMMENTS
MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND
NON-ELECTROLYTES
-SOURCES AND
FUNCTIONS
-IDATME
MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND
FUNCTIONS
-IDATME
SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13
MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES
MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS
NEXT LECTURE – DIETARY
MINERALS IN SPORTS