Transcript Body Type and Disease

Endomorph- Heavy rounded physique
characterized by large accumulations of
fat in the trunk and thighs.
 Mesomorph-Muscular physique
 Ectomorph- thin fragile physique
characterized by little body fat
accumulation.


Individuals (especially
endomorphs) who have a large
waist size and are “appleshaped” (fattest in the
abdomen) have a greater risk
for heart disease, stroke, high
blood pressure and diabetes
than a “pear shaped”
distribution with fat in hip,
buttocks and thighs.

Endomorphs with pear or apple
shape develop more disease
than meso or ectomorph with a
similar shape.






Homeostasis- a relatively constant state
maintained by the body.
The smallest functional unit of the body is
the cell.
Cells that have a similar function come
together to make a tissue.
Tissues grouped together create organs
Organs function together to make organ
systems
Organ systems function together to create
the organism
Pathology- the study of disease.
 Signs- objective abnormalities that can
be measured.
 Symptoms-subjective abnormalities felt
by the patient.
 Syndrome- Collection of signs and
symptoms that occur together.


If signs and symptoms
appears suddenly and
last a short period of time
the disease is acute.

If the conditions last a
long time, possibly the
entire life of the individual
the disease is chronic.

Etiology- Study of all the factors involved in
a disease.
The etiology of a skin infection involves a
cut or abrasion followed by a subsequent
invasion and growth of a bacterial colony.
A disease with an undetermined cause are
said to be idiopathic.
 Communicable diseases are those that can
be transmitted from person to person.


Etiology refers to the theory of a disease
cause.

PATHOGENESIS is the actual pattern of a
disease development
Ie. The common cold starts with a latent or
“hidden” stage in which the virus
establishes itself in the patient. No signs are
evident this is the incubation period.
After an infection runs its course there is a
recovery period called a convalescence
where the body returns to normal.
 In a chronic disease such as cancer this
period is called REMISSION.


Epidemiology- study of the occurrence,
distribution and transmission of disease in
human populations.
Disease native to a local region is called
and endemic disease.
 If the disease spreads to many
individuals at the same time, it is an
epidemic.
 Pandemics are epidemic s that affect a
large geographic region, may be
worldwide.
 ie. The flu

1. Genetic Factors
 2. Age
 3. Lifestyle
 4. Stress
 5. Environment
 6. Microorganisms
 7. Pre-existing conditions

1. Genetic Mechanisms
2. Pathogenic Organisms
-parasites, viruses, fungi, protozoans,
insects/worms, bacteria
-prions (protein infectious particles) proteins
converting normal proteins in the brain into
abnormally functioning proteins. This is seen
in BSE or mad cow disease.

Tumors and Cancer

4. Physical and chemical agents

5. Malnutrition

6. Autoimmunity

7. Inflammation

8. Degeneration- Tissues sometimes
break apart or degenerate. Normal
consequence of aging.