Transcript Foot and Mouth Disease

Foot and Mouth Disease
Trina Johnson, Cari Ostrom,
Carolyn Ritter, Craig Spray,
and Lindsay Wilson
What is Foot and Mouth?
• Acute viral infectious disease
• Begins with fever, followed by the
development of vesicles on mouth
and feet
• Very infectious and spreads rapidly
• Wild and domesticated cloven hoofed
animals are affected
• Rarely fatal, but pregnant animals
often abort and dairy cattle may dry
up
Illustration
Universal Symptoms of
Foot and Mouth Disease
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Shivering
Tender and sore feet
Slobbering and smacking lips
Blisters on hoof, feet, snout, or
tongue
Illustration
Clinical disease and
diagnosis
All species of cloven-hoofed
animals are susceptible to FMD,
including domestic livestock and
wild ungulates. Clinical signs are
essentially similar in all species
although the severity may vary.
Specific signs in Cattle
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Slobbering and smacking lips
Shivering
Tender and sore feet
Reduced milk yield
Sores and blisters on feet
Raised body temperature
Specific signs in Sheep
• Sudden, severe lameness
• Lying down frequently and
unwillingness to rise
• Reluctance to move
• Blisters found on the hoof,
dental pad and sometimes
tongue
Specific signs in Swine
• Sudden lameness
• Preference to lie down
• Loud squeal and hobbling when
set into motion
• Blisters may develop on snout,
tongue and/or hoof
Important!!
Swine Vesicular Disease has
identical symptoms to FMD.
Therefore anyone who sees
blisters in pigs must report the
sighting as suspected FMD, until
laboratory tests prove otherwise.
How it’s spread!
Although there are
numerous ways this
disease can be spread,
three surface to the top.
Most predominant paths
of transmission are…..
• Human intervention
• Animal to Animal contact
• Airborne transmission
Human intervention
• People wearing contaminated
clothing, or footwear
• Using contaminated equipment I.e.
veterinary tools, shovels, etc.
• Contaminated vehicles traveling from
farm to farm
• Using contaminated facilities to
house susceptible animals
Animal to Animal contact
• Animals carrying the virus are
introduced to susceptible herds
• Susceptible cows inseminated
by infected bulls
• Direct contact with infected
wildlife
Airborne transmission
• Through the air in aerosols from
infected animals
• Birds can play a substantial role
in transmission as well
Ways to Control Foot
and Mouth Disease
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Vaccination
Surveillance programs
Quarantine procedures
Establishment of control zones
Strict Biosecurity
Reporting of confirmed cases
Using All-In/All-Out
Cleansing and disinfection
– Over 250 approved disinfectants
(www.ahda.org.uk/disinfectants.htm)
Vaccine Choice
• Safe
• Potent
– Proven protection
• Appropriate
– Consult National or International
Reference laboratory or a
manufacturer about the most
appropriate strain to use
Vaccine Strains Have
Been Selected For
Their:
• Immunogenicity
• Ability to grow well in tissue
culture
• Broad antigenic spectrum
Individual Herd
Vaccination
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Reduces the morbidity in adults
Reduces mortality in young
Reduces likelihood of incursion
Can reduce the severity and
duration of the disease due to
raising the herds immunity level
• Combined with good biosecurity
control
Advice to Farmers
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Keep Livestock separate
Deal with sheep last
Keep yourself clean
Keep the farm secure
Keep unnecessary vehicles away
Clean and disinfect
Avoid visiting other farms
Look for early signs of disease
Eradication of FMD
• Slaughter and disposal is
essential to eliminate the
source
• A rapid and complete
elimination is necessary
Disposal
• Cremation (preferred)
• Burial
• Rendering
Movement controls
• Infected area
• Protection zone
• Surveillance zone
Emergency Vaccine
(Two Objectives)
• Dampening down vaccinations
• Protective emergency
vaccinations to produce an
immune belt
Questions?