Transcript Hoof and Mouth

HOOF AND MOUTH DISEASE
The first known case of
HMD was found in Italy,
1514
The United States had nine
out breaks from 1870 to 1929
Rebecca Schulze
Hoof and Mouth:
Serotypes (each contains
multiple subtypes):
•O
•A
•C
•Asia 1
•South African Territories
(1,2,3)
• O, A and C occurred in Europe, South
America, Central America, Asia, Africa.
•SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 mainly occur in Africa
•SAT1 caused an extensive epizootic in
the Middle East.
• Asia 1 has occurred in Asia
* Serotype O outbreaks in
2005. Gray areas show they
do not contain this type of
HMD. Could contain other
serotype.
Cause of HMD
Infectious RNA viral disease of cloven-hoofed
animals
Damages epithelial cells around the
mouth, feet, mucus membranes, and gut.
Animals can recover from HMD but
will be asymptomatic and have the
potential to pass on the disease.
* Hoof and Mouth disease virus (red)
replicating near nucleus (blue) infected
cell*
Morbidity is high , but mortality is
low in adult animals. Young
animals die due to damage of
heart muscles.
Species affected
Seen mostly in cattle and swine, but can
also be seen in other cloven-hoofed
animals such as sheep, goats and deer.
Symptoms
•High fever
•Blister-like lesions
•Foamy saliva/ drool
•Sores on feet
•Weight loss/milk
production
Symptoms will show in 4 days,
sheep may have mild or
undetected signs
How it is
Transmitted?
•Spreads between animals
•Excreted from breath,
saliva, mucus, milk, and
feces
•Spreads from livestock
equipment, mud/manure on
footwear, wind, grass,
straw, clothing
Infected by:
•Inhalation
•Ingestion
•Direct contact
Prevention
Vaccinations are given to prevent the
HMD from occurring in the US
If HMD is within the United States an
eradication program is followed. All
infected or exposed susceptible animals
are killed and the carcasses buried or
burned