Transcript Bats: Reservoirs for zoonotic disease and the implications for public

Presenter Disclosures
Lisa Winnett
(1)
The following personal financial relationships with
commercial interests relevant to this presentation
existed during the past 12 months:
“No relationships to disclose”
70-75% of Emerging & Re-Emerging
Diseases are Zoonotic in Origin
http://www.onehealthinitiativ
e.com/map.php
Common Denominator: Potential
Reservoir
Wide, Wide World of BATS
• Bats are not Rodents
• Order Chiroptera
• Over 1,000 species
• 2nd most abundant &
diverse group of
mammals
Virus Families Isolated/Detected in Bats
Virus Family
Virus Families
Adenoviridae
Nodaviridae
Arenaviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Astroviridae
Papillomaviridae
Bornaviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Bunyaviridae
Parvoviridae
Caliciviridae
Picobirnaviridae
Circoviridae
Picornaviridae
Coronaviridae
Polyomaviridae
Dicistroviridae
Poxviridae
Filoviridae
Reoviridae
Flaviviridae
Retroviridae
Hepadnaviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Hepeviridae
Togaviridae
Herpesviridae
Totiviridae
What Makes Bats Good Reservoirs?
Ability to Fly
Found Almost Everywhere
Diverse Diet
Ability to Engage in
Hibernation/Torpor
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Nectar
Pollen
Fruits
Insects
Fish
Amphibians
Blood
Long Life Span Relative to
Body Size
• 3.5 times longer than
mammal of similar size
• Average lifespan between
10-20 years
• Oldest Recorded Age: 39
Form Large Aggregations
Immunological System
• How Does It Work?
• Least Studied of Mammals
• Bats Immune Responses to Viruses Poorly
Understood
• Bat Genome Studies May Help Provide
Answers
How Do People Acquire Viruses Found
in Bat?
Factors that Influence Emergence
– Ecological Changes
• Climate Change
• Modification
• Destruction
• Loss
• Fragmentation
• Agriculture
– Expansion
– Intensification
– Human Demographic
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Population Growth
Human Behavior
Rural to Urban
Diets
– International travel &
commerce
Bats, Foe or Friend
• Control Insect Populations
• Pollinate Plants
• Reseed Forest
• Guano is used to make
fertilizer
• Echolocation used in
models for sonar system
development
So What Now?
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Questions???
References
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