Transcript Communicable Diseases

Communicable/Infectious
Diseases
What are they and how are they spread?
Communicable Disease
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An infectious disease transmissible by
direct contact with an affected individual
or the individual’s discharges.
Deadly Diseases in History
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http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2014/10/h
ealth/epidemics-through-history/
Diseases are caused by…?
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Germs
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Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Bacteria
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Bacteria- one-celled
organisms
◦ Not all harmful
 digestion
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Common Bacterial
Infections
◦ Strep throat
◦ Tuberculosis
Viruses
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Viruses are much
smaller than cells.
◦ Capsules that contain
genetic material
Viruses invade the
cells in the body,
hijacking the
machinery that
makes cells work.
 Host cells are
eventually destroyed
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Common Cold
Influenza
Measles
Chickenpox
HIV/AIDS
Ebola
Fungi
There are many
varieties of Fungi
 Some cause illness
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Ring worm
 Athletes foot
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Parasites
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Protozoa
◦ Malaria
◦ Toxoplasmosis
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Helminths (worms)
◦ Tapeworms
◦ Roundworms
Ways Diseases Spread
Through the Air Direct Contact
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◦ Person to person
◦ Animal to person
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Indirect Contact
◦ Door knobs, shopping carts, tables, etc..
Insect Bites
 Environmental
 Food/Water Contamination
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Airborne
Chickenpox
 Common Cold
 Flu
 Meningitis (bacterial)
 Strep throat
 Measles, Mumps, Rubella
 Tuberculosis
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Direct Contact
Animal to Person
 Person to Person
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Saliva
◦ Hepatitis B
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Skin/mucous membrane contact
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Contaminated objects
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Chickenpox
Lice
Staph.
Ringworm
Hepatitis A
Meningitis (viral)
Rotavirus
Salmonella infection
Worms
Bodily fluids
◦ Hepatitis B and C
◦ HIV
Direct Contact
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Insect to Person
◦ Malaria
◦ Dengue fever
◦ West Nile Virus
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Environment to Person
◦ Meningitis (amoebic)
◦ Tetanus
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Animal to Person
◦ Rabies
◦ Toxoplasmosis
Ways Diseases Spread Cont.
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Foodborne
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◦ Spread from dirty
hands to mouth
◦ Bad Food
◦ Undercooked Food
◦ Unsanitary Cooking
environment
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Waterborne
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Botulism
Cholera
Listeria infection
Salmonella infection
Typhoid
Infection vs. Disease
Infection is the first step, and occurs when
the bacteria, viruses, or other microbes
cause disease to enter your body and
begin to multiply.
 Disease occurs when cells in your body
are damaged as a result of the infection
and signs and symptoms of an illness
appear
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Our Defenses
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Immune System- In response to
infections, white blood cells, antibodies,
and other mechanisms go to work to rid
your body of the infection.
◦ Ex. Common Cold- Fever, coughing, sneezing
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Vaccines and Immunizations
◦ Shots
Hand Washing
 Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth
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Proper Hand Washing
Wet hands with clean, running water and
apply soap.
 Lather hands by rubbing together
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◦ front & back of hands, in between fingers and
under finger nails
Scrub for at least 20 seconds
 Rinse under clean, running water
 Dry hands with a clean towel or air dry
them
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Preventing Illness
Wash your hands regularly
 Keep your hands away from eyes, nose, and
mouth
 Cover your coughs and sneezes
 Disinfect common areas often
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◦ Keyboards, doorknobs, light switches, etc.
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Stay home when you are sick
Make healthy choices to keep immune
system strong
◦ Exercise and diet