Transcript Infection Control Lecture Notes Page

Infection Control, Standard
Precautions & Tuberculosis
The information presented here meets…
• Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
safety mandates
• Center for Disease Control (CDC) infection control
standards
• Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations (JCAHO) environment of care requirements,
clinical nursing concepts and skills
• Corporate compliance through the Office of the Inspector
General
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
standards, quality, and customer service
OSHA - Occupational Safety & Health
Administration requires organizations to have
standards in place to reduce hazards in the
work place.
• Required standards include…
– Bloodborne Exposure Control
Plan
– TB Exposure Control Plan
• Both of these plans can be
found in the Meditech Library
– Policies & Procedure Manuals
cabinet
Health System workers are at risk of
being exposed to diseases such as…
Hepatitis B
AIDS
Hepatitis C
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis B - Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
• Viral Infection
• Caused by Hepatitis B
Virus (HBV)
• Affects the liver
• Viral Infection
• Caused by Hepatitis C
Virus (HCV)
• Results in
inflammation of the
liver
AIDS
• Viral infection
• Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
• Affects the immune system
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and AIDS
are spread to other people by…
• Needle sharing
• Sexual activity
• Blood products
• Mother to baby
• Human bite
In Health Care, the most common
ways you can get an infection in the
work setting are…
• Sharp object injury such as a needlestick.
• Splash to mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or
mouth or non-intact skin.
The greatest occupational hazard
for Health System workers is a…
Sharp object injury
such as a
needlestick!
The types of tasks you do in your job
influences your Risk of Exposure.
Job classifications in
which you might have
contact with blood or
other possibly
infectious materials are
listed in the Infection
Control Manual in the
Meditech Library.
Standard precautions help keep
us covered!
Standard Precautions
Engineering
Controls
Work Practice
Controls
Barriers
Standard Precautions
STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
Body fluids which spread
bloodborne disease...
• Blood
• Semen
• Vaginal secretions
• Breast Milk
Standard precautions are to
be used in contact with any
body fluid.
Remember - anything wet!
Engineering and Work Practice
Controls
• Engineering Controls are things that take away or
isolate bloodborne hazards at work.
– Puncture resistant sharp containers
– Red bags to dispose of hazardous medical waste
– Needleless IV systems
• Work Practice Controls are designed to reduce
the chance of being exposed by recommending the
way a procedure is done.
–
–
–
–
Safe handling of sharps
Not eating or drinking in work areas
Cleaning up spills of blood or broken glass correctly
Correct hand hygiene
Handling Sharps Safely
A used sharp
is a
dangerous sharp!
• Take precautions during use,
cleaning, or disposal.
• Do not recap, bend, break, or
cut a contaminated needle.
• Use proper disposal methods.
• Use a safe needle device or
needleless system.
• Use safe handling techniques,
especially during surgery.
Hand Hygiene
• Very important for all Health System
workers to wash their hands with soap
and water or use an alcohol-based
waterless (foam) antiseptic agent.
• Waterless (foam) antiseptic agent should
be used only when hands are not visibly
soiled or contaminated with
proteinaceous (bloody) material.
• Hand hygiene is the single most effective
way to prevent the spread of infection in
the work setting!
Steps for washing hands with soap
and water...
1. Use soap.
2. Wash for 15 seconds.
3. Rinse your hands well
under running water.
4. Dry hands thoroughly
with a paper towel.
5. Turn off the faucet
with a paper towel.
It’s also important to know when
to use correct hand hygiene.
• Before you leave work to
go home.
• Before lunch and work
breaks.
• After lunch and work
breaks.
• Before and after patient/
customer contact.
• After using the restroom.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
provides barriers to prevent contact with body
fluids.
• Gowns
• Gloves
• Protective
eyewear
• Masks
• Mouth to mouth
resuscitation
barriers
How do you know when to use
personal protective equipment?
• Wear gloves when you
anticipate being in
contact with blood or
body fluids.
• Wear protective
eyewear, masks, and
gowns in addition to
gloves when you think
splashing of blood or
body fluids could occur.
Safety controls and barriers work
together
Barrier
Work Practice Control
Gowns & Gloves
Handle soiled
linen as little as
possible
Engineering
Control
Place used
linens in
plastic bag
How can you help yourself?
• Know when you are at risk of contact with blood
and other body fluids.
• Use engineering controls, safe work practices, and
barriers to prevent exposures.
• Remove barriers before leaving the work area and
wash hands after barrier removal.
What do you do if you’re exposed to
body fluids?
• Get the proper first aid as soon as possible.
• If working at the Hospital, go to Employee Health in
Pangborn Hall.
• If working at another Health System site, go to
Health@Work at the Downsville Center, 10715
Downsville Pike, Hagerstown.
• Go to Express Care/Emergency Dept. at the hospital if
Employee Health or Health@Work is closed.
• Complete an Employee Medical Referral & Accident form
and tell your supervisor.
If you’ve been exposed to an HIV
source on the job…
• Drugs are available to
help decrease the chance
of getting an HIV
infection.
• That’s why it’s so
important to get
immediate treatment.
Hepatitis B Vaccine is strongly
recommended for health care
workers.
• Free to you as an employee.
• Includes three injections over a six month period.
• Has some possible side effects.
Other Immunizations
Recommended for Health System
Workers...
•
•
•
•
Influenza
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Tetanus
Varicella (chicken pox) is highly recommended
for healthcare/childcare workers.
It’s important for all Health System
workers to report any personal illnesses
and keep up with their immunizations.
• To help keep themselves healthy.
• To help prevent the spread of disease both at home
and at work.
• To help keep our work environment safe for
everybody!
Infections to Report to Your
Supervisor
• Chickenpox
• Hepatitis
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Conjunctivitis (“pink eye”)
• Diarrhea
• Shingles
• Skin Infections (example - impetigo)
Tuberculosis Control
Tuberculosis (TB)
is a serious health
threat!
Tuberculosis Control
• TB germs are spread
through the air in droplets
when a person with active
TB disease coughs,
sneezes, or speaks.
• You become infected
when you inhale or
breathe in an infected
droplet.
There are two forms of TB…
• TB Infection
• TB Disease (also called Active TB)
It’s important to recognize the difference!
TB Infection
• People with a positive PPD test (TB skin test)
have been exposed to the TB germ.
• They…
– Have a TB Infection
– Do not look or feel sick
– Cannot infect others
– May or may not develop TB Disease (Active
TB)
– May take medication to prevent TB Disease
from developing
TB Disease (Active TB)
• May have these symptoms…
– A cough for more than two weeks
– Coughing up blood
– Night sweats
– Fever
– Loss of appetite
– Weight loss
Most important to
remember:
A person with
TB Disease (Active TB)
can infect others!
TB Exposure Control Plan outlines the steps the Health System
takes in preventing TB transmission.
Engineering Controls
Work Practice Controls
Barriers
TB Screening Program
• All PPD skin test negative individuals will have a repeat PPD
test according to the following schedule:
– Every Year
• Emergency and Radiology Departments clinical staff
and physicians
• Respiratory Care Department clinical staff and
Bronchoscopists
• Ambulatory Services clinical staff
• Laboratory microbiology and surgical pathology staff
and Pathologists
– Every Five Years
• All other job classifications, medical staff and allied
health professionals
You may be at a higher risk
of contracting an infectious
disease if you are receiving
chemotherapy or have an
HIV infection.
Infection control is
everybody’s job!
• Use correct hand
hygiene
• Practice standard
precautions
• Get immunized
• Wear barriers
• Follow safe work
practices
• Handle sharps
properly
• Report illnesses and
injuries
• Get a TB skin test
according to the
schedule for your
department and job
classification
Graphic images used in this presentation
include the following sources…
• Clip Gallery and Clip Gallery Live, 2006 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved.
• LifeART images, copyright 2006, Lippincott, Williams &
Wilkins. All rights reserved.
• Corbis Doctors & Medicine, copyright 2001, Corbis
Corporation.
• PhotoDisc Health and Medicine, Vol 18, copyright 1995,
PhotoDisc, Inc.
• PhotoDisc Health & Medicine 2, copyright 1999, PhotoDisc,
Inc.
• PhotoDisc The Object Series Back to Business, Vol 31,
copyright 2000, PhotoDisc Inc.