Transcript photoacoustic imaging to detect tumor

PHOTOACOUSTIC IMAGING
TO DETECT TUMOR
HAIFENG WANG
SUBHASHINI PAKALAPATI
VU TRAN
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Massachusetts Lowell
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OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Brief
 Principle of Photoacoustic (PA)
 Different Techniques of PAI
 Comparison of Various Imaging Techniques
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 Reference
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Brief
Conversion of photons to acoustic waves due
to absorption and localized thermal
excitation.
Pulses of light is absorbed, energy will be
radiated as heat.
Heat causes detectable sound waves due to
pressure variation.
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3D photoacoustic imaging of
melanoma in vivo.
The picture is from Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
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Introduction of Ultrasound
Ultrasound applications:
Low bass notes
20Hz
Infrasound
Medical and Destructive
20KHz
Acoustic
Diagnostic and
Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
2MHz
Ultrasound
Ultrasound in optical fibers
200MHz
Principle of photoacoustic
Energy absorption layer
Laser excitation
Optical fiber
Acoustic signals
• The light energy is converted into thermal energy via
energy absorption layer;
• The thermal energy converts into mechanical wave
because of thermal expansion;
• An acoustic wave is generated.
Principle of photoacoustic by
gold nanoparticle
Energy absorption layer
Laser excitation
Optical fiber
Laser pulse
Gold
nanoparticle
Acoustic signals
Sound pulse
Experimental set up of
photoacoustic molecular imaging
The pictureSeunghan Ha, Andrew Carson, Ashish Agarwal, Nicholas A. Kotov, and Kang Kim;
Detection and monitoring of the multiple inflammatory responses by photoacoustic molecular imaging
using selectively targeted gold nanorods
A typical PAT/TAT system
The picture is from OptoSonics, Inc and Fairway Medical
Technologies, Inc.
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Tumor Detection Using Endogenous
Contrast
Xueding Wang, William W. Roberts, Paul L. Carson, David P. Wood and J. Brian Fowlkes,
Photoacoustic tomography: a potential new tool for prostate cancer, 2010 :Vol. 1, No. 4 :
Biomedical Optics Express 1117
Using Exogenous Contrast
• 3-D photoacoustic imaging
• Evans Blue acted as a contrast agent.
• Deep lying blood vessels in real tissue
samples were imaged at depths of 5 mm
and at 9 mm from the plane of detection.
• The sensitivity of the technique was
proven by photoacoustic detection of
single red blood cells upon a glass plate.
C.G.A Hoelen et.al,1998
PAImaging Using Gold Nano
Particles
Qizhi Zhang et.al,2010
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Qizhi Zhang et.al.,2010
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COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT IMAGING
TECHNIQUES:
ULTRASOUND
 Transducer emit ultrasound wave and get signals back
from object. D= t.v
 Scan volume to get image
 Pros & cons: No side effects but low resolution
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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
 Use X-ray to collect data
 Detector collects the sum of
absorption factors in one direction
 Using the computing algorithms, the
absorption factor of each voxel will
be calculated.
 3D image will be constructed based
on these factors.
 Pros & cons: 3D, high resolution but
increase the risk of cancer in those
exposed
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MRI
 A powerful magnetic field is used to
align the magnetization of Hydrogen
atoms in the body
 Radio frequency fields are used to alter
the alignment of this magnetization
 Nuclei to produce a rotating magnetic
field detectable by the scanner
 Pros and Cons: 3D, good contrast but
make acoustic noise and may effect on
some implants in patients
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POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
 Positron-emitting radionuclide
(tracer) is introduced into the body
on a biologically active molecule
 System detects pairs of gamma
rays emitted indirectly by a tracer
 Three-dimensional images of
tracer concentration within the
body are then constructed by
computer analysis
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Photoacoustic Imaging
PAI: Combine advantages of optical
(high contrast) and ultrasound (great
imaging depth and high resolution):
 high optical contrast images
 microscale resolution
 reasonable penetration depth
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ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
1. Ability to detect deeply situated 1. Limited path length
tumor and its vasculature
2. Temperature dependence
2. Monitors angiogenesis
3. Weak absorption at short
3. High resolution
wavelengths
4. Compatible to Ultra Sound
5. High penetration depth
6. Non-ionizing/Non-radioactivity
7. Small size
8. Easy to clean and maintenance
9. No acoustic noise
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Conclusion
• PAI has an edge over other imaging
modalities.
• Though it is in its infancy and there have as
yet been no large clinical trials,many initial
studies have demonstrated the possibilities
for its application in the biomedical field.
• Clearly, we should expect to see many
exciting clinical applications of PA
technologies in the near future.
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THANK YOU
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