Transcript radiology
Introduction to RADIATION Potentially harmful ray used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Benefits Diseases can be detected and diagnosed earlier Treatment can occur simultaneously while using cameras Radiation therapy can stop malignant cell growth Can produce body images on film or a video monitor Procedures Produce images that visualize Bones Organs vessels Via x-rays, sound waves, and magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) Goals Produce images of interior body structures for diagnostic purposes To guide the treatment of injury Treatment of disease Facilities Hospital Emergency room Nursing units Cardiac catheterization lab Surgery Physician offices Clinics Industry Mobile vans Education Rapidly Expanding Knowledge in the visualization of internal body structures Advancing techniques Development of new equipment Employee Desirable Characteristics Warm Compassionate Pleasant personality Ability to work with others Patience Science interest Physical strength Audio, visual, and verbal skills Radiologist Physician Interprets x-rays and other diagnostic tests May specialize in an area of Dx, Tx, or nuclear medicine Studies the results of each test, comes to diagnostic conclusions, and sends a report to the ordering physician Radiologic Technologist Uses x-rays or a video monitor as an aid to physicians in Dx. Responsibilities: patient identification positioning protecting adjust exposure process the film inspect for quality Nuclear Medicine Technologist Radioactive compounds Regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to protect… patients workers environment Techniques for storing, handling, transporting, using, and disposing of these materials are strictly mandated to minimize risks associated with radiation. Sonographer Sound waves (ultrasound) Noninvasive Safe No x-rays or radioactive materials Specialize in cardiac, vascular, or abdominal areas Radiation Therapy Technologist Patients who have been Dx’d with cancer or other malignancies Administer radiation as a therapeutic measure Job growth is on the rise Types of Radiation X-rays – radioactive rays used to photograph or treat the inside of the body Nuclear medicine – specialty that tests with radioactive substances Ultrasound – uses inaudible sound waves to outline the shape of body organs Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a noninvasive technique for visualizing internal organs using powerful magnetic fields X-ray Involves the use of radiation that penetrates the skin, muscle, organs, and bones Radiograph – image produced - Used to diagnose broken bones or the presence of stones in the gallbladder or kidney - Sometimes a liquid contrast medium is used to visualize soft tissue organs Fluoroscopy X-ray like images in motion on a television monitor When the area that best shows the internal problem is seen, an x-ray is taken. CT scan Combines x-ray scanning with highspeed computer Visualizes cross-sectional views of the body - sagittal (left/right) - transverse (top/bottom - coronal (front/back) Standard Angiography Studies arteries and veins A catheter is maneuvered while a contrast medium is injected into the bloodstream. Contrast medium illuminates to produce images on x-ray film and a video monitor. As the heart pumps, the picture continually changes; detects heart attack Ultrasound Sound waves No radiation exposure Produces clear, sharp images of all body parts Adrenal glands, heart, aorta, gallbladder, kidneys, liver, uterus, pancreas, pelvis, spleen, and blood vessels Sonographer uses w/expectant mothers and cardiac catheterization MRI Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic field No radiation Especially useful in the evaluation and diagnosis of aneurysms, congenital cardiac abnormalities, brain and spine diseases, and orthopedic conditions PET scan Nuclear imaging technique Detects abnormalities of the brain and nerves Validates effects of drug usage in the brain Study neuropsychiatric disorders, cancer, and coronary artery disease Mammograms Diagnostic images of the breasts Early detection of any cancer (approximately 2 years before a lump is felt) With early detection, over 90% of breast cancers can be successfully treated Radiology Advancements Digital machines, computers, and laser printers are being used increasingly in the radiology department. The latest equipment makes images clearer and faster.