Transcript The Future of Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear
Chemistry
By: Giovanni Nunez
Daniel Nemariam
Andrew Wang
Njweng Yangni
Zainil Kadiwal
Daniel
Nemariam
Introduction
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Nuclear Medicine is the used of using
radiation to fight and cure diseases.
Nuclear medicine has made many
advancement in nuclear energy. The main
one is the ability to fight cancer really
well.
Giovanni Nuñez
Nuclear Medicine
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Nuclear Medicine is the branch of
medicine that uses nuclear properties for
diagnosis and therapy. In other words
take images of the body and treat
disease.
Giovanni Nuñez
Timeline of events that lead to
modern Nuclear Medicine
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Henri Becquerel
(1852-1908) French Physicist discovered
radioactivity in 1896\
Wilhelm Röentgen
(1845-1923) German physicist who
discovered X-rays in 1895.
Pierre Curie
(1859-1906)French physicist who, along
with his wife Marie Sklodowska Curie,
isolated polonium and radium in 1898.
Giovanni Nuñez
Time line continued
Revigorator
After its discovery by Marie and Pierre Curie
in 1898, radium was considered a "cureall" until the early 1920s
 Marshall Brucer
(1913-1994) A "Father of Nuclear
Medicine" and first president of the
Society of Nuclear Medicine
 Hal Anger American inventor of the
scintillation scanning camera in 1958
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Giovanni Nuñez
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History
of the
X-Ray
In 1895, Wilhelm
Konrad
Roentgen
a professor
of Physics,
He discovered mysterious ray when he put a
vacuum tube near a photographic plate.
Theses ray went through skin and muscle but
were absorb by bone.
The rays would bounce off a metallic target and
the rays could be focus on photographic film.
Giovanni Nuñez
Future of Nuclear Medicine
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The Future of Nuclear Medicine
In the near future development of
radiopharmaceuticals, or nuclear medicine,
will be used to detect cancer and create
genetically engineered antibodies to fight
of cancer.
Daniel
Nemariam
History of Nuclear Medicine
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The beginning of Nuclear Medicine in 1902
by Pierre Curie and his wife Marie
Sklodowska Curie.
They discovered a substance that gave off
more radio activity than others.
This substance was made of 2 elements
radium and polonium.
Daniel
Nemariam
History
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When the curies discovered radium it was
said that is was the beginning of the
nuclear age
Irene Joliot-Curie the daughter of Pierre
and Marie create artificial radiation
Daniel
Nemariam
History
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Back then the curie didn’t now the effect
of too much radiation.
Too much handling of radiation caused
scaring on Marie curie hands.
The effect of radiation brought the
cancerous disease leukemia and Maria and
Irene died before the age of 70
http://gtm-media.discoveryeducation.com/videos/11876/chp898113_700k.asf
Andrew
Wang
Radiology
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Is the field of diagnosing and treating
disease and injury by using medical
imaging techniques.
Some of the equipment used are x-rays,
computed topography, magnetic
Andrew
Wang
Radiology
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a person who studies
this field is called a
radiologist
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you must first go though 4
years of medical
education in radiation
safety/protection,
radiation effects on the
human body,
appropriate performance
and interpretation of
duality radiological
medical imaging
examinations
1 to 2 years of
specialized training in a
particular subspecialty of
radiology is beneficial
What is radiation therapy?
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What is radiation therapy? treats cancer
kill cancer cells , shrink tumors
2 types
*External beam radiationregular X-rays
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Njweng Yangni
Internal radiation or
Brach therapyradioactive substances
placed within the tumor
beside (carcinogens) to
kill the cancer cells
*patients usually stay in
the hospital for about a
day
* permanent or
temporary
Andrew
Wang
Radiation therapy
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Advantage
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Kills cancer cells
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The amount of
radiation that a
patient gets is
determine by the
doctor.
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Disadvantage
Hair loss
Rash
Vomiting
Nausea
diarrhea
what is chemotherapy?
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-use of drugs to kill
cancer cells
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Njweng Yangni
How does chemotherapy
work?
the drugs interfere with the
cancer cells ability to divide
What is the difference
between radiation and
chemo?
chemo: chemical
agents;medical oncologist
-radiation:; radiation
oncologist
Andrew
Wang
Chemicals
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Some of the Chemical used are
alkalizing/cross-linking agents,
antibiotics, ant metabolites/inhibitors,
hormones,
cytokines
How do X-rays work?
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Goes through nonmetallic materials
Smash of concentrated beam of electrons and a metal
plate.
The result: x-rays
X-rays secondary plate to prevent the scattering of
electrons- shows parts that contain metals ,growths,
bone and mineral deposits-foreign objects
contrast agents shows veins and arteries
Njweng Yangni
MRI
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Zainil
Kadiwal
MRI stands for Magnetic resonance
imaging
MR imaging uses a powerful magnetic
field, radio waves and a computer to
produce detailed pictures of organs, soft
tissues, bone and virtually all other
internal body structures.
CAT
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Zainil
Kadiwal
Stands for Computed Tomography
CT imaging uses special x-ray equipment to
produce multiple images or pictures of the inside
of the body
The CT scanner is typically a large machine with
a hole, or tunnel, in the center
A major advantage of CT is that it is able to
image bone, soft tissue and blood vessels all at
the same time.
PET
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Zainil
Kadiwal
Stands for Positron Emission Tomography
PET scans are used most often to detect
cancer and to examine the effects of
cancer therapy.
The radioactive may expose radiation to
the fetus in patients who are pregnant.
Difference between PET and CAT
scan
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Zainil
Kadiwal
CT scans of internal
organs, bone, soft
tissue and blood
vessels provide
greater clarity than
conventional x-ray
exams.
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PET scans are used
most often to detect
cancer
Daniel
Nemariam
Summary
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Nuclear medicine has made many
advances in curing or fighting diseases like
cancer.
If technology in the medical field keeps
grow soon they will be able to find a cure
for cancer.