Transcript Left ventricle - Stephen Tavoni

Figure 17.5b Gross anatomy of the heart.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary artery
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Right pulmonary veins
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Ligamentum arteriosum
Left pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary veins
Auricle of
left atrium
Right atrium
Right coronary artery
(in coronary sulcus)
Anterior cardiac vein
Right ventricle
Circumflex artery
Right marginal artery
Great cardiac vein
Anterior interventricular
artery (in anterior
interventricular sulcus)
Apex
Small cardiac vein
Inferior vena cava
Anterior view
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Left coronary artery
(in coronary sulcus)
Left ventricle
Figure 17.2a Location of the heart in the mediastinum.
Midsternal line
2nd rib
Sternum
Diaphragm
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Location of
apical impulse
Figure 17.2b Location of the heart in the mediastinum.
Mediastinum
Heart
Left lung
Body of T7
vertebra
Posterior
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Figure 17.2c Location of the heart in the mediastinum.
Superior
vena cava
Pulmonary
trunk
Aorta
Parietal pleura
(cut)
Left lung
Pericardium (cut)
Apex of heart
Diaphragm
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Figure 17.3 The pericardial layers and layers of the heart wall.
Pulmonary
trunk
Fibrous pericardium
Pericardium
Parietal layer of serous
pericardium
Myocardium
Pericardial cavity
Epicardium (visceral
layer of serous
pericardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium
Heart chamber
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Heart
wall
Figure 17.5e Gross anatomy of the heart.
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary artery
Pulmonary trunk
Right atrium
Right pulmonary veins
Fossa ovalis
Pectinate muscles
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Trabeculae carneae
Inferior vena cava
Frontal section
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Left pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Left pulmonary veins
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve
Left ventricle
Papillary muscle
Interventricular septum
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Figure 17.10 Anatomical differences between the right and left ventricles.
Left
ventricle
Right
ventricle
Interventricular
septum
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Figure 17.1 The systemic and pulmonary circuits.
Capillary beds of
lungs where gas
exchange occurs
Pulmonary Circuit
Pulmonary
arteries
Aorta and branches
Venae
cavae
Right
atrium
Right
ventricle
Oxygen-rich,
CO2-poor blood
Oxygen-poor,
CO2-rich blood
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Pulmonary veins
Left
atrium
Heart
Left
ventricle
Systemic Circuit
Capillary beds of all
body tissues where
gas exchange occurs
Figure 17.9 The heart is a double pump, each side supplying its own circuit. (1 of 2)
Oxygen-poor blood
Superior vena cava (SVC)
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Coronary sinus
Right
atrium
Tricuspid
valve
Right
ventricle
Pulmonary
semilunar
valve
Pulmonary
trunk
Pulmonary
arteries
SVC
Coronary
sinus
Right
atrium
IVC
To heart
Pulmonary
trunk
Tricuspid
valve
Right
ventricle
Pulmonary
semilunar
valve
Oxygen-poor blood returns
from the body tissues back
to the heart.
To lungs
Pulmonary
capillaries
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Oxygen-poor blood
is carried in two
pulmonary arteries
to the lungs
(pulmonary circuit)
to be oxygenated.
Figure 17.9 The heart is a double pump, each side supplying its own circuit. (2 of 2)
Oxygen-rich blood
Systemic
capillaries
Oxygen-rich blood
is delivered to the
body tissues
(systemic circuit).
Oxygen-rich blood
returns to the heart
To heart
via the four pulmonary
veins.
To body
Aorta
Pulmonary
veins
Aortic
semilunar
valve
Aorta
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Aortic
semilunar
valve
Left
atrium
Mitral
valve
Left
ventricle
Left
ventricle
Mitral
valve
Left
atrium
Four
pulmonary
veins
Figure 17.5b Gross anatomy of the heart.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary artery
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Right pulmonary veins
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Ligamentum arteriosum
Left pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary veins
Auricle of
left atrium
Right atrium
Right coronary artery
(in coronary sulcus)
Anterior cardiac vein
Right ventricle
Circumflex artery
Right marginal artery
Great cardiac vein
Anterior interventricular
artery (in anterior
interventricular sulcus)
Apex
Small cardiac vein
Inferior vena cava
Anterior view
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Left coronary artery
(in coronary sulcus)
Left ventricle
Figure 17.11a Coronary circulation.
Aorta
Pulmonary
trunk
Left atrium
Superior
vena cava
Anastomosis
(junction of
vessels)
Left
coronary
artery
Right
atrium
Right
coronary
artery
Right
ventricle
Right
marginal
artery
Circumflex
artery
Posterior
interventricular
artery
The major coronary arteries
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Left
ventricle
Anterior
interventricular
artery
Figure 17.5d Gross anatomy of the heart.
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary veins
Left pulmonary veins
Auricle of left atrium
Left atrium
Great cardiac vein
Posterior vein of
left ventricle
Left ventricle
Apex
Posterior surface view
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Right atrium
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Right coronary artery
(in coronary sulcus)
Posterior interventricular
artery (in posterior
interventricular sulcus)
Middle cardiac vein
Right ventricle
Figure 17.5b Gross anatomy of the heart.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary artery
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Right pulmonary veins
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Ligamentum arteriosum
Left pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary veins
Auricle of
left atrium
Right atrium
Right coronary artery
(in coronary sulcus)
Anterior cardiac vein
Right ventricle
Circumflex artery
Right marginal artery
Great cardiac vein
Anterior interventricular
artery (in anterior
interventricular sulcus)
Apex
Small cardiac vein
Inferior vena cava
Anterior view
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Left coronary artery
(in coronary sulcus)
Left ventricle
Figure 17.11b Coronary circulation.
Superior
vena cava
Anterior
cardiac
veins
Great
cardiac
vein
Coronary
sinus
Small
cardiac vein
The major cardiac veins
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Middle cardiac vein
Figure 17.5d Gross anatomy of the heart.
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary veins
Left pulmonary veins
Auricle of left atrium
Left atrium
Great cardiac vein
Posterior vein of
left ventricle
Left ventricle
Apex
Posterior surface view
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Right atrium
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Right coronary artery
(in coronary sulcus)
Posterior interventricular
artery (in posterior
interventricular sulcus)
Middle cardiac vein
Right ventricle
Figure 17.6a Heart valves.
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Area of cutaway
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Myocardium
Mitral
(left atrioventricular)
valve
Tricuspid
(right atrioventricular)
valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve
Cardiac
skeleton
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Anterior
Figure 17.6b Heart valves.
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Area of cutaway
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Myocardium
Mitral
(left atrioventricular)
valve
Tricuspid
(right atrioventricular)
valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve
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Figure 17.6c Heart valves.
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Area of cutaway
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Chordae tendineae attached
to tricuspid valve flap
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Papillary
muscle
Figure 17.6d Heart valves.
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Area of cutaway
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Opening of inferior
vena cava
Tricuspid valve
Mitral valve
Chordae
tendineae
Myocardium
of right
ventricle
Interventricular
septum
Papillary
muscles
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Myocardium
of left ventricle
Figure 17.7 The atrioventricular (AV) valves.
1 Blood returning to the heart fills
atria, pressing against the AV valves.
The increased pressure forces AV
valves open.
Direction of
blood flow
Atrium
2 As ventricles fill, AV valve flaps
hang limply into ventricles.
Cusp of
atrioventricular
valve (open)
Chordae
tendineae
3 Atria contract, forcing additional
blood into ventricles.
Ventricle
Papillary
muscle
AV valves open; atrial pressure greater than ventricular pressure
Atrium
1 Ventricles contract, forcing
blood against AV valve cusps.
2 AV valves close.
3 Papillary muscles contract and
chordae tendineae tighten,
preventing valve flaps from everting
into atria.
AV valves closed; atrial pressure less than ventricular pressure
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Cusps of
atrioventricular
valve (closed)
Blood in
ventricle
Figure 17.7a The atrioventricular (AV) valves.
1 Blood returning to the
heart fills atria, pressing
against the AV valves. The
increased pressure forces
AV valves open.
2 As ventricles fill,
AV valve flaps hang
limply into ventricles.
3 Atria contract, forcing
additional blood into ventricles.
Direction of
blood flow
Atrium
Cusp of
atrioventricular
valve (open)
Chordae
tendineae
Ventricle
Papillary
muscle
AV valves open; atrial pressure greater than ventricular pressure
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Figure 17.7b The atrioventricular (AV) valves.
1 Ventricles contract, forcing
blood against AV valve cusps.
2 AV valves close.
Atrium
Cusps of
atrioventricular
valve (closed)
Blood in
ventricle
3 Papillary muscles contract
and chordae tendineae tighten,
preventing valve flaps from
everting into atria.
AV valves closed; atrial pressure less than ventricular pressure
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Figure 17.8 The semilunar (SL) valves.
Aorta
Pulmonary
trunk
As ventricles contract
and intraventricular
pressure rises, blood
is pushed up against
semilunar valves,
forcing them open.
Semilunar valves open
As ventricles relax
and intraventricular
pressure falls, blood
flows back from
arteries, filling the
cusps of semilunar
valves and forcing
them to close.
Semilunar valves closed
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Figure 17.8a The semilunar (SL) valves.
Aorta
Pulmonary
trunk
As ventricles contract
and intraventricular
pressure rises, blood
is pushed up against
semilunar valves,
forcing them open.
Semilunar valves open
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Figure 17.8b The semilunar (SL) valves.
As ventricles relax
and intraventricular
pressure falls, blood
flows back from
arteries, filling the
cusps of semilunar
valves and forcing
them to close.
Semilunar valves closed
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Figure 17.9 The heart is a double pump, each side supplying its own circuit.
Both sides of the heart pump at the same time, but let’s follow one
spurt of blood all the way through the system.
Superior vena cava(SVC)
Inferior vena cava(IVC)
Coronary sinus
Right
atrium
Tricuspid
valve
Right
ventricle
Oxygen-poor blood
Oxygen-rich blood
Pulmonary
semilunar
valve
Pulmonary
trunk
Pulmonary
arteries
SVC
Coronary
sinus
Pulmonary
trunk
Right
atrium
Tricuspid
valve
Pulmonary
semilunar
valve
Right
ventricle
IVC
To heart
Oxygen-poor blood is
carried in two pulmonary
arteries to the lungs
(pulmonary circuit) to be
oxygenated.
Oxygen-poor blood
returns from the body
tissues back to the heart.
Systemic
capillaries
To body
To lungs
Pulmonary
capillaries
Oxygen-rich blood
returns to the heart
via the four pulmonary
veins.
Oxygen-rich blood is
delivered to the body
tissues (systemic circuit).
Aorta
To heart
Pulmonary
veins
Aortic
semilunar
valve
Left
atrium
Mitral
valve
Left
ventricle
Aorta
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Aortic
semilunar
Valve
Left
ventricle
Mitral
valve
Left
atrium
Four
pulmonary
veins
Figure 17.11 Coronary circulation.
Aorta
Pulmonary
trunk
Superior
vena cava
Left atrium
Anastomosis
(junction of
vessels)
Left
coronary
artery
Right
atrium
Circumflex
artery
Right
coronary
artery
Right
ventricle
Right
marginal
artery
Left
ventricle
Posterior
interventricular
artery
Anterior
interventricular
artery
The major coronary arteries
Superior
vena cava
Anterior
cardiac
veins
Great
cardiac
vein
Coronary
sinus
Small
cardiac vein
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The major cardiac veins
Middle cardiac vein