Transcript Circulation
CIRCULATION WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? Show Video PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1. Heart – Function: 2. Blood Vessels – Includes: 3. Blood – Consists of: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM What is the function of the circulatory system? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The function of any circulatory system is to: – To move blood/materials throughout the body. – To move nutrients from GI Tract to cells. – To move oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells. – To transfer heat to and from the body. – To carry antibodies. – To carry hormones from glands to targets. – To move wastes away from cells. THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION 1. Coronary – Blood flow to and from the heart. THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION 2. Pulmonary – Blood flow to and from the lungs. THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION 3. Systemic – Blood flow to and from the systems of the body. Ex. THE STRUCTURES OF THE HEART THE HEART HEART Square Heart Model STRUCTURES OF THE HEART Heart has 4 chambers – Left Atrium – Left Ventricle SEPTUM – Right Atrium – Right Ventricle HEART VALVES BLOOD VESSELS Arteries – Carry blood away from the heart. Veins – Carry blood towards the heart. KEY ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE HEART Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein – Definition: Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Cava – Definition: Aorta – Definition: PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART R. Atrium -> R. Ventricle -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Vein -> L. Atrium -> L. Ventricle -> Aorta -> Body Cells -> Vena Cava -> R. Atrium… BLOOD VESSELS Arteries – Have muscular walls – Larger blood vessels – Aorta is largest artery in the heart – Arteries move blood away from the heart BLOOD VESSELS Veins – Carry Blood to the heart – Thin walled – Less muscular than arteries – Contains valves to prevent the back-flow of blood BLOOD VESSELS Capillaries – Smallest blood vessels – Connects arteries to veins – Site of exchange of materials CAPILLARIES Area where every cell is touched by blood PULSE Rhythm of heart contractions felt in arteries. A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear the heartbeat. – Average is 65-80 beats per minute (BPM) BLOOD PRESSURE Pressure of blood on walls of arteries. Consists of 2 numbers: – Systolic Pressure reading when heart muscles contract – Diastolic Pressure reading when heart muscles relax BLOOD PRESSURE Average readings taken with a sphygmomanometer – Normal is 120/80 Blood pressure is affected by: Hypertension is high blood pressure. EKG Electrocardiogram – Graphs the electrical activity of the heart muscle Cardiovascular Disorders Heart Attack – Failure of heart muscle due to many causes, such as: Lack of oxygen or nutrients being delivered Damage to the muscles Blockage of blood vessels – Symptoms Angina (pain resulting from narrowing of blood vessels) Left arm numbness Out of breath Cardiovascular Disorders Stroke – Blood clot or broken blood vessel in brain – Blood flow is restricted – Brain does not function properly Cardiovascular Disorder Aneurysm – Broken blood vessel Disorders Hypertension Heart Attack Stroke Aneurysm Atherosclerosis Coronary Thrombosis Cardiovascular Disorders Atherosclerosis – Scarring of artery tissue – Cholesterol builds up on the scar tissue Cardiovascular Disorders Coronary Thrombosis – A blood clot in the blood vessels of the heart. – Blocks blood flow Questions Why does a doctor draw blood? Where does a doctor draw blood from? What kinds of things show up on a blood test? COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD What are the 4 parts of the blood? – Red Blood Cells – Platelets – Plasma – White Blood Cells COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD Red Blood Cells Facts: – Carry OXYGEN – Contain HEMOGLOBIN – Made in BONE MARROW – Live approx. 120 days Red Blood Cells Disorders: – Anemia RBC’s are not carrying oxygen well, due to lack of iron within the hemoglobin Red Blood Cells Name another form of anemia that we have discussed already, this year._________________ Platelets Makes blood clot – Platelets contain fibrinogen (a protein) that forms a “net” around a cut to stop bleeding Platelets Platelets Disorders: – Hemophilia Plasma Plasma Liquid part of the blood Consists mostly of water “River” of life – Carries cells and materials White Blood Cells Made in BONE MARROW Fight infection by causing an immune response. Known as phagocytes because they ____________ bacteria. White Blood Cells Phagocytosis – attacks ANTIGENS (invaders) White Blood Cells & Immunity Another type of White Blood Cell is called a LYMPHOCYTE. – Lymphocytes make ANTIBODIES Antibodies are proteins that fight foreign invaders – Antibodies DESTROY Antigens Another word for Antigen is PATHOGEN Therefore: antibodies destroy pathogens ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN REACTION ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN REACTION DISORDERS OF WBC’s Leukemia – Also called blood cancer – Too many white blood cells – Treatments may include: Chemotherapy Radiation Bone Marrow Transplant DISORDERS OF WBC’s AIDS – A_________ I________D_______S_________ – Attacks WBC’s, weakening immunity – HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus – Transmitted by: Unprotected sex Blood Exchange Shared Needles Mother to child*** Types of Immunity Inborn/Passive Immunity – Antibodies you are born with. Passed from a mother to her unborn child. (in vitro) – OR it can be temporary, such as from a mother to a baby, through breastfeeding. Types of Immunity Acquired/Active Immunity – Develops during a lifetime from exposure to disease – The body produces antibodies to fight infection – OR a VACCINE is given Chicken Pox Vaccines How a vaccine is created/works: – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. Obtain pathogen Kill or weaken the pathogen Inject into human Body produces antibodies Allergies An allergic reaction is the body’s immune response to an antigen. (like dust) – Can cause sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, trouble breathing, rashes, hives, or more life threatening reactions BLOOD TYPES 4 Blood Types: Universal Donor is: Universal Recipient is: BLOOD TYPES Type Antibodies A Antigen (Protein) A B B Anti-A AB A and B NONE O NONE Anti-A & Anti-B Anti-B BLOOD TYPES DRAWING BLOOD TYPES LYMPHATIC SYSTEM • • Lymph is intercellular fluid (a plasma) that is found around all cells The lymphatic system is a system of vessels that carries lymph. LYMPH Carries antibodies, WBC’s, fatty acids and glycerol – Fatty acids and glycerol are the building blocks of __________. Lymph helps to keep your intercellular spaces clean and disease free. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Blood vessels carry ____________ Lymph vessels carry ___________ The lymphatic vessels have nodes (glands) that make lymph – Ex. Lymph nodes are found under the arms