Transcript The Circulatory System

The Circulatory
System
By: Tala, Skye, Sara, Asmaa
Introduction
The Circulatory system
is the organ system that is
made up of the heart, the
blood, and the blood
vessels; it is the system
that transports oxygen and
nutrients throughout the
body and carries away
wastes.
Parts of the Circulatory System
There are three parts to the circulatory
system: the Blood, the Heart, and the
Blood Vessels.
Blood
Blood circulates throughout the human body.
The blood consists of four components.
The Four Components
1. Red blood cells make up almost half of
the blood’s volume, they also contain a
protein called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin
allows the red blood cells to transport
oxygen throughout the body, and it also
makes the cells red.
The Four Components
2. White blood cells are the
cells that fight infections
and diseases in the
blood, they recognize
and destroy invading
bacteria and viruses.
The white blood cells
make up of less then 1%
of the blood’s volume.
Also they are the only
blood cells that have a
nucleus.
The Four Components
3.
Platelets are
small, irregularly
shaped clear cells.
They help in blood
clotting and they
take up less than
1% of the volume
in the blood.
The Four Components
4.
The last component
is plasma. Plasma is
full of protein. It carries
the blood cells along. It
makes up over half of
the blood’s volume.
The Heart
The heart is made up of different types of tissue, such
as the cardiac muscle tissue, the nerve tissue, and the
connective tissue. The heart pumps with a regular
beat. The frequency of the beat changes depending on
your physical activity and other factors such as stress
and, temperature, and general health. The heart is
covered by a smooth layer of epithelial tissues. The
covering reduces friction and protects the heart from
damage. The surface of the inside of the heart is
covered with smooth epithelial tissue to let the blood
flow freely.
Blood Vessels
Arteries, veins,
and capillaries
are three types
of blood vessels.
Arteries carry the blood away
from the heart. The walls of the
arteries are thicker than the walls
of other blood vessels.
Veins carry the blood
toward the heart. The largest
veins are the ones
that are the nearest
to the heart.
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels
with very thin walls that allow
substances to diffuse
between the blood and other
blood fluids and tissues.
Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
There are many diseases and disorders that
affect the function of the circulatory system,
which can affect people from all ages and all
levels of fitness. The most common one is the
coronary artery disease, which can lead to a
heart attack if not treated in time.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary arteries are the blood vessels that provide
blood to the heart muscle tissue itself. These arteries can
be blocked with fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other
substances that normally circulate in the blood. This
disease can be diagnosed with the help of a special X-ray
called angiogram, in which a fluorescent dye is injected
into the bloodstream. The dye shows up on the X-ray
image.
Heart Attack
When the coronary arteries become completely blocked, with plaque
or blood clot, the heart muscle cells no longer receive the oxygen
and the nutrients they need to function. As a result, the heart stops
pumping, and the heart tissue start to die. A heart attack can be
diagnosed with a blood test and an electrocardiogram (ECG). The
ECG measures the electrical signals created by the heart as it
beats.
Interesting Facts
• The heart beats about 3 million
times in the average person’s
life
• About 8 million blood cells die
every second, and the same
number are born each second
• It takes about 20 sec for a red
blood cell to circle the whole
body
• Blood rich in oxygen appears
red. Blood poor in oxygen
appears blue.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the heart pumps the blood through
large blood vessels called the arteries. Then the blood
goes through smaller and smaller blood vessels ( called
capillaries). In the end, the blood flows into larger blood
vessels, and in the veins, and finally returns to the heart.
If anything stops that cycle, such as a blood clot, the
heart stops pumping.