Transcript 14 The Human Organism - circulatory - Nicole

The Human Organism:
Introduction to Human Body Systems
PART 2
TPJ 3M
Nicole Klement
Human Organ Systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory
Immune
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
8. Reproductive
9. Nervous
10. Endocrine
11. Integumentary
7.
History of
The Circulatory System
Once thought to be
the origin of emotions
since it beat faster when a person
was scared or excited,
we now know that that is not the
heart’s function.
Function of
The Human Circulatory System
1. Transportation of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
2. Distribution of nutrients and
transport of wastes
3. Maintenance of body
temperature
4. Circulation of hormones
Structures of
The Circulatory system
BLOOD
fluid in which materials are transported
1.
2. BLOOD VESSELS
Veins and arteries act as spaces throughout the body in which the fluid
moves
-no cell in the body is further away than two cells from a blood vessel
that carries nutrients and oxygen
-there are 96 000 km of blood vessels in your body to sustain your
100 trillion cells
3. A PUMP
The heart pushes the fluid through the blood vessels or spaces
- the heart is about as large as the size of your fist and has a mass of 30g
- the heart beats about 72 beats/minute from the beginning of life until death
- during an average lifetime, the heart pumps enough blood to fill two large
ocean tankers
Fact

Your heart beats 6070 times per minute.
Each time it pumps 60
ml of blood.
How many
milliliters are
pumped in 24
hours?
Answer
5184000 ml
OR
5184 liter bottles
Organs of
The circulatory system
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
(Blood)
Heart
Veins



Veins carry blood back
to the heart.
Veins have valves
2 major veins carry
return blood from
your body to your
heart: the superior
vena cava returns
blood from your head
and the inferior vena
cava from your lower
body
Arteries


Carry blood away
from your heart
Have thick, elastic
walls made of
tissue and smooth
muscle
Capillaries




Microscopic blood
vessels.
Walls are only one
cell thick
Bloodshot eyes
Nutrients and
oxygen diffuse
from body cells
into capillaries
Blood





Carries oxygen
from lungs to body
Takes carbon
dioxide away
Carries waste
products to
kidneys
Transports
nutrients
Cells in blood fight
infections
Blood




Made up of plasma
(55%), mostly
water.
Platelets ;help
with clotting
Red blood cells:
made at rate of 23 million per
second.
White: help fight
bacteria, viruses,
etc
Blood Types





4 types
A, B, AB, O
Types A, B, AB
have antigens
coating their
surface. Rh factor
Wrong type of
blood will kill you
Type “O” is
universal
Fact


First blood
transfusion was in
early 1800”s.
French physician
Jean Baptiste
Denis successfully
used sheep’s
blood. His second
patient died.
Heart



Made of cardiac
muscle tissue
Has 4 compartments
called chambers: two
upper are atriums,
two lower are
ventricles.
Heart has arteries just
and veins just like any
other muscle
Diagram of Human Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Right atrium
Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Anterior view
Blood flow through
The Cardiovascular System



Pulmonary circulation is the flow of
blood through the heart, to the lungs, and
back to the heart.
Systemic circulation happens when
Oxygen rich blood moving to all tissues
and organs of the body
Coronary circulation is the flow of blood
to and from the tissues of the heart.
Cardiac Muscle

Also called myocardium


is found only in the heart
More mitochondria than skeletal
muscle (about 35% occupations)
Electrical Impulses & the Heart
Myocardium (heart muscle) has its
own built in electrochemical
activator
Called a pacemaker
The pacemaker produces a heart
beat independent of the Central
Nervous System (we don’t need to
think about it)
Atherosclerosis


Fatty deposits
build up on arterial
walls. Eating fatty
foods high in
cholesterol and
saturated fats can
cause these
deposits to form.
Not all cholesterol
is bad, and is
essential for
health.
Heart

When these
arteries are
blocked, it starves
the heart of
oxygen and
nutrients, resulting
in a heart attack
Help for the
Circulatory System





defibrillators
pacemakers
heart transplant
artificial heart - 1st artificial heart: 1982,
Jarvik-7, patient lived 112 days
Ottawa researchers close to production of
artificial heart HeartSaverVAD (ventricular
assist device)
BLOOD PRESSURE
&
CARDIAC OUTPUT
Blood pressure

The force of the blood
against the walls of your
blood vessels.
Measured in two numbers:
1. Systolic is the first
number and measures
your heart pumping.
2. Diastolic is the second
number and measures
pressure that occurs as
the ventricles fill with
blood before they contract
again.
Systolic Pressure
 Also
referred to as systole
 It is the highest pressure recorded
in the heart (usually ~ 120 mmHg
at rest)
 It is the work phase of the heart
when blood pumped out to your
body
Diastolic Pressure
 Also
referred to as diastole
 It is the lowest pressure recorded in
the heart (usually ~ 80 mmHg at
rest)
 It is the rest phase of the heart
when blood is filling into the
ventricles
Measuring Blood Pressure
Blood pressure: the force of the blood on the
walls of the arteries when the ventricles of the
heart contract. Blood pressure is measured in
millimetres of mercury or mm Hg.
Measuring blood pressure
 - cuff on and tightened to pressure greater than
120 mm Hg (about 160)
 - cuff pressure gradually reduced until
stethoscope can detect blood passing through
(systole value)
 - reduction in pressure continued until sound
disappears (diastole)
Classification of Blood Pressure
for adults over 18