Transcript bloodbasics
What makes up our blood? • RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) – – The most abundant cells in our blood; – produced in the bone marrow – hemoglobin which carries oxygen to cells. • WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) – Immune system and destroy bacteria and viruses • PLASMA – liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – Clot together in a process called coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood. What makes up our blood? Circulatory System • The blood is the transport system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the body's cells, and waste materials are carried away. The Heart • The heart, a muscular organ, is the pump that keeps this transport system moving. • The blood in our bodies is reused constantly • Its movement through the heart and around the body is called circulation. Parts of the Heart • The two chambers on top are called the atria. • The two chambers on the bottom are called the ventricles. • Artia fill with blood, then pump it to ventricles. • Ventricles pump blood out of the heart. Right Side of the Heart • De-oxygenated blood enters the right atrium. • It passes into the right ventricle, and is pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen. • This is known as the “Lub” Left Side of the Heart • The now oxygen rich blood renters the left atrium. • It passes into the left ventricle, and is pumped out of the heart to through the circulatory system to all the cells in the body. • This is known as the “Dub” The Heart Beat • A healthy heart makes a “lub-dub” sound, which comes from the valves shutting inside the heart. • The “Lub” sound happens when the blood hits valves and passes between the atria and ventricles. • The “Dub” sound happens when the blood hits the valves that close up as the heart relaxes to fill the blood for the next beat. What People Expect a Heart Attack to be Like •Crushing chest pain Sudden, intense, falls to the floor—like in the movies Sometimes a heart attack can be like this but… ….sometimes symptoms may be different than you expect… • Heart attacks often begin with symptoms that slowly get worse. • Pain or discomfort can be relatively mild. • Symptoms may come and go. Heart attack symptoms vary widely from person to person What is a Heart Attack? • Develops over time as fatty build-up, or plaques build up in arteries. • Caused by cholesterol in foods. • Plaque ruptures, platelets rush to clot up the rupture. • Clot blocks the artery which blocks blood traveling though • If blockage continues, no oxygen travels to heart cells and heart muscle dies Warning Signs of Heart Attack • Chest pain or discomfort • Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck or back • Feeling weak or faint • Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulders (left side) • Shortness of breath Uncontrollable Risk Factors • • • • • Age Race/Ethnicity Gender Family history Previous heart attack Controllable Risk Factors • • • • • • Smoking Diabetes High blood cholesterol High blood pressure Overweight/obesity Physical inactivity Genetics of Blood Types • Your blood type is established before you are BORN, by specific GENES inherited from your parents. • You inherit one gene from your MOTHER and one from your FATHER. How common is your blood type? 46.1% 38.8% 11.1% 3.9% Blood Transfusions Who can give you blood? Universal Donor People with TYPE O blood are called Universal Donors, because they can give blood to any blood type. People with TYPE AB blood are called Universal Recipients, because they can receive any blood type. Rh + Can receive + or Rh - Can only receive Universal Recipient Rh Factors • If your blood does contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your blood does not contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). A+ AB+ BAB+ ABO+ Ohttp://www.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.html