Transcript Root Word
http://www.cteonline.org/portal/default/Curriculum/Viewer/Curriculum?action=2&cmobjid=178206&view=viewer&refcmobjid=177862 WARM-UP: WHAT ARE SOME PARTS OF A TRAIN? HOW DO THESE PARTS WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE ONE UNIT? Introduction to Veterinary Medical Terminology Building Blocks of Words It’s all Greek to me! Some may say that veterinarians speak Greek, they are right! Most terms used in veterinary medicine are based on Latin or Greek. Latin is the universal language of medicine and the Greeks were the founders of modern medicine. The Linking Parts The key to learning terminology is to break down each word into parts and learn the most common roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combing forms. Word Structure Root Word Combining Form Prefix Suffix Root Word • • This word part usually indicates the involved body part. Acts as the foundation of most medical terms. There can be more than one in a word (“compound word”). Root words are like box cars, carrying cargo on a train. Without the box cars, together with the engine there is not a complete train. Compound Words Rootword 1 + CV + Rootword 2 Heart + worm Medi + “o” + later Crani + “o” + caud/al Dors + “o” + palm + Suffix New word Heartworm + -al Mediolateral + -al Craniocaudal +-ar Dorsopalmar Word Structure Root Word Combining Form Prefix Suffix Word Structure: Combining Form Vowel commonly used: “o” General Rule 1: If the suffix starts with a consonant, connect the rootword and the suffix with the vowel “o”. Example 1: Root Word + CV Suffix New word Cardi + -o- -logy Cardiology study of Study of the heart “Heart” Word Structure: Combining Vowel General Rule 2: If the suffix starts with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) DO NOT USE the vowel “o”. Just attach the suffix to the root word. Example 2: Root Word + Suffix New word Hepat/o -osis Hepatosis liver -disease process - disease process in the liver Word Structure: Combining Vowel General Rule 3: If the suffix begins with the same vowel as the root word, DO NOT repeat the vowel. Example 3: Root Word + Cardi heart Suffix New word -itis Carditis -inflammation of - inflammation of the heart Word Structure Root Word Combining Vowel Prefix Suffix Prefix Alone they have some meaning, but they are not complete words without the rest of the word parts. Usually indicates location, time, number, or status. This always comes at the beginning of word. •They are like the train’s engine, it leads the train and announces the coming train. Prefix Example: Prefix + Root Word brady + cardi/a “slow” “heart” New word bradycardia slow heart (rate) Exercise on Prefixes a-, an- (without or not having) anti - (against) brady- (slow) contra- (against, opposed) de- (remove, take away, loss of) dys- (difficult, troubled) pyo - (pus) hyper- (high) 1. ________ biotic (against life) 2. ________ thermia (high temperature) 3. ________ horn (remove the horn) Word Structure Root Word Combining Form Prefix Suffix Suffix Written AFTER a root word to form a new word. Follows root word altering the words meaning. Determines if word is a noun, adjective or other type of word. •Like a caboose, on a train, it is always comes at the end of a word. Word Structure: Suffix Example: Root Word+ Suffix Tonsil + New word -itis Tonsilitis -itis = inflammation of Inflammation of the tonsils Root Words 1 ARTH/OCARDI/OCHEM/OCEPHAL/OCERVIC/O- COL/OCUTANE/OCYAN/O- CYST/O- DENT/IDERMA/A- Joint Heart Drug; chemical Head Neck Colon; large intestine Skin Blue Urinary; Sac of fluid Tooth Skin Root Words 2 ELECTR/OENCEPHAL/OENTER/OERYTHR/OGASTR/OGER/OGINGIV/AGLUC/OGLYC/OHEM/OHEPAT/O- Electricity Brain Intestines Red Stomach Old Age Gums Sweetness Sugar Blood Liver Root Word 3 HIST/OHYSTER/OLACT/OLIP/OLAPAR/OLEUK/OMACR/OMAST- MELAN/OMICR/OMONO- Tissue Uterus Milk Fat Abdominal wall; abdomen White Large Breast Black Small One Root Words 4 MY/ONAS/ONECR/ONEONEPHR/OONC/OOPT/OOSTE/OOT/OOVARI/O- Muscle Nose Death New Kidney Swelling or Mass Eye; vision Bone Ear Ovary Root Words 5 OT/OOVARI/OPHAG/OPODPOLI/OPULM/O- RADI/O- RECT/ORHIN/O- Ear Ovary Eating Foot Gray Lung X-Ray; Radioactivity Rectum Nose Root Words 6 THORAC/O- URIN/OUTER/OVULV/O- Chest Urinary Uterus Vagina Prefixes 1 A- or ANANAABADANTIBRADYCODIDYSENENDOEPIEUEXO- no; not; without up; apart away from toward against Slow Work Together Two; Twice bad: painful: difficult: abnormal Inward in; within above; upon; on good; normal out; away from Prefixes 2 EXTRAHEMOHOMOHYPERHYPOININTERINTRAISOMEDIMULTINEOOVARIOMNI- Outside of; in addition to Blood Same; Similar above; excessive deficient; below; under; less than normal In; inside; within between within; into same; equal Middle many new Ovary All Prefixes 3 PANPERIPOLYPOSTPREPSEUDORESEMISUBSUPERTRANSUNUNI- All surrounding many; much after; behind before; in front of False Back Half under; below above, beyond Across; Through; Beyond Not; Reversal One; singular Suffix 1 -CYTE -ECTOMY -GRAM -GRAPH -ITIS -LOGY -LYSIS -OSIS Cell Removal Record Instrument for recording Swelling; inflammation Study of Breakdown, Separate; Cut Condition; usually abnormal Suffix 2 -PATHY -PLASTY -PNEA -RRHAGE -SCOPE -STOMY -THERAPY -TOMY Disease Surgical Repair Breathing Bursting with blood Instrument for visual examination New opening Treatment Process of cutting You will receive several cards. Some will be meanings some will be prefixes, roots and/or suffixes. 1- Find the match for each word. 2- For each match, determine if it is a prefix, root word or suffix. 3-Place the cards on the appropriate marker in the room. What word is the most challenging for you to remember? On a sheet of colored paper, create a picture, story or interesting way to remember the meaning of this challenging word. Review: Word Structure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Where can you find a prefix in a word? What is a Root Word? Create a compound word. Where can you find a suffix in a word? What is the most commonly used vowel? a. If first letter of suffix = consonant? b. If first letter of suffix is = vowel? c. If first letter of suffix = last letter of RW? Next slides are printables A- or AN- no; not; without AB- away from AD- toward ANTI- against BRADY- Slow DYS- Bad; painful; difficult; abnormal ENDO- in; within EPI- above; upon; on EU- good; normal EXO- out; away from HYPER- above; excessive HYPO- INTER- deficient; below; under; less than normal between INTRA- within; into ISO- same; equal MULTI- many NEO- new PAN- all PERI- surrounding POLY- many; much POST- after; behind PRE- before; in front of SUB- under; below SUPER- above, beyond UNI- uni ARTH/O- Joint CARDI/O- Heart CHEM/O- Drug; chemical CEPHAL/O- head COL/O- Colon; large intestine CUTANE/O- Skin CYST/O- Urinary; Sac of fluid DENT/I- Tooth ELECTR/O- Electricity ENTER/O- Intestines (usually small intestines) GASTR/O- Stomach HEM/O- Blood HEPAT/O- Liver HYSTER/O- Uterus LAPAR/O- Abdominal wall; abdomen MAST- Breast NAS/O- Nose NEPHR/O- Kidney OPT/O- Eye; vision OSTE/O- Bone OT/O- Ear OVARI/O- Ovary RADI/O- X-Ray; Radioactivity RECT/O- Rectum RHIN/O- Nose URIN/O- Urinary UTER/O- Uterus -CYTE Cell -ECTOMY Removal -GRAM Record -GRAPH Instrument for recording -ITIS Swelling; inflammation -LOGY Study of -LYSIS Breakdown, Separate; Cut -OSIS Condition; usually abnormal -PATHY Disease -PLASTY Surgical Repair -PNEA Breathing -RRHAGE Bursting with blood -SCOPE Instrument for visual examination -STOMY New opening -THERAPY Treatment -TOMY Process of cutting Terminology Day 2 Game Rotations (Play for 25 Min each and rotate): *Earn 25% of daily grade for appropriate participation during each game* -Memory Match -Pyramid -Guess Who -Dice Game Create a Word Activity For each group there are three “dice.” Prefix Rootword Suffix Each person is to take three rolls of each dice to create three words. Write out the correct notation, including combining vowels/words and its meaning. Terminology Day 3 Review and Quiz Begin Directional Terminology