Transcript 2010 Circulatory System

Human Heart
&
Circulatory System
6th Grade Health: Mr. Springer
What is the Circulatory
System?
• Circulatory System- consists of organs and
tissues that transport essential materials to body
cells and removes their waste products
• Pulmonary Circulation- flow of blood from the
heart to the lungs and back to the heart
• Systemic Circulation- flow of blood to all the
body tissues except the lungs
Parts of The Circulatory
System
• Arteries- blood vessels that carry blood
away from the heart to other parts of the
body
• Veins- blood vessels that carry blood
from the body back to the heart
• Capillaries- tiny tubes that carry blood
from the arteries to the body cells, and
then back to the veins
Parts of The Circulatory
System
• The Heart!
• The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the
blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The term
cardiac (as in cardiology) means "related to the heart" and
comes from the Greek καρδιά, kardia, for "heart."
• The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an
involuntary striated muscle tissue found only within this
organ. The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per
minute, will beat approximately 2.5 billion times during an
average 66 year lifespan. It weighs on average 250 g to 300
g in females and 300 g to 350 g in males.
Blood Pressure
As blood moves through your body it exerts
pressure against the walls of blood vessels
• Systolic Pressure- heart contracting to
push blood into your arteries at it’s highest
point
• Diastolic Pressure- heart relaxes to refill
and blood pressure is at it’s lowest point
Blood Has Types!
• Our blood comes in 4 different types…
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A
B
AB
O
They are different because each blood type has
a different protein on it’s surface (antibody) to
identify it.
Composition of Blood
(54%)
(1%)
(45%)
Plasma
• Straw-colored liquid
• Made up of:
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92% water
7% proteins
1% minerals
Sugar, vitamins, hormones
& enzymes
A Look Inside
A Look Inside
• Leukocytes… White blood cells that defend against
disease by engulfing (swallowing) the threat!
• This process is called Phagocytosis
• RBC’s are the transporters of oxygen!
A Look Inside
Parts Of The Heart
• left atrium - the left upper chamber of the heart. It
receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the
pulmonary vein.
• left ventricle - the left lower chamber of the heart.
It pumps the blood into the aorta.
• mitral valve - the valve between the left atrium and
the left ventricle. It prevents the back-flow of blood
from the ventricle to the atrium.
Parts Of The Heart
• aorta - the biggest and longest artery (a
blood vessel carrying blood away from the
heart) in the body. It carries oxygen-rich
blood from the left ventricle of the heart to
the body.
• inferior vena cava - a large vein (a blood
vessel carrying blood to the heart) that
carries oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium
from the lower half of the body.
Parts Of The Heart
• pulmonary artery - the blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor
blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
• pulmonary valve - the flaps between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery. When the ventricle contracts, the valve opens,
causing blood to rush into the pulmonary artery. When the
ventricle relaxes, the valves close, preventing the back-flow of
blood from the pulmonary artery to the right atrium.
• pulmonary vein - the blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood
from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Parts Of The Heart
• right atrium - the right upper chamber of the heart.
It receives oxygen-poor blood from the body through
the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava.
• right ventricle - the right lower chamber of the
heart. It pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery.
• septum - the muscular wall that separates the left
and right sides of the heart.
Parts Of The Heart
• superior vena cava - a large vein that carries
oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium from
the upper parts of the body.
• tricuspid valve - the flaps between the right
atrium and the right ventricle. It is composed
of three leaf-like parts and prevents the
back-flow of blood from the ventricle to the
atrium.
Problems of the Circulatory
System
• Hypertension- blood pressure is
consistently higher than normal
which can lead to heart attack,
stroke, or kidney failure
Problems of the Circulatory
System
Arteriosclerosis- condition in which
arteries harden, reducing the amount
of blood that can flow through them
Problems of the Circulatory
System
Heart Attack:
Blockage of flow of
blood to the heart.
Problems of the Circulatory
System
Stroke:
Blood clots that
block vessels
in the brain or from the
rupture of a blood
vessel
Problems of the Circulatory
System
Anemia:
Abnormally low level
of hemoglobin, a
protein that binds
to oxygen in red
blood cells
Problems of the Circulatory
System
Leukemia:
disease in which extra white blood
cells are produced.
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Treating Heart & Circulatory
Problems
Medication
Angioplasty
Heart Valve Surgery- a faulty valve can be
replaced with an artificial one made of metal
or plastic
Pacemaker- small device that sends steady
electrical impulses to the heart to make it
beat regularly
Bypass Surgery- a healthy vein taken from
the patients leg or chest and used to detour
around the blockage
Heart Disease
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Definition: It is any condition that weakens the
heart or blood vessels or interferes with the
functions they perform.
Facts:
More adults in the US die from heart disease than
any other cause.
Most diseases of the cardiovascular system take
many years to develop.
Chances of developing heart disease depend partly
on age and heredity, and partly on lifestyle
behaviors.
Caring for your Circulatory
System
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Limit fat in your foods
•
Dietary fat can cause fatty deposits to form in
the inner walls of arteries, narrowing them and
increasing blood pressure, then your heart must
work harder to circulate blood
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Get regular physical activity
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Regular activity strengthens your heart muscle,
allowing it to pump more blood with each beat
Caring for your Circulatory
System
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Avoid tobacco
Tobacco products contain the drug
nicotine which narrows arteries requiring
blood pressure to be higher
Managing Stress
Under stress your body produces
adrenaline, a substance that increases
blood pressure
Clearing A Blocked Artery
Clearing A Blocked Artery
Malaria