Transcript The Heart
The Heart (and other stuff) What goes around… comes around Sam Boblenz James Chang Audra Irvine LAB ALERT Yes, you have to do a lab. Get out your lab notebooks, and find: LAB E (AP LAB 10): Physiology of the Circulatory System No pre-lab But wait! You still need to Work in pairs know some things first!and Get out those sphygmomanometers stethoscopes and timers! It won’t take long, Last sheet is the DATA SHEET hopefully Questions at the end Sign that HONOR CODE! Y’know, the one that says nec dedi nec auxilium non probatum in hoc opere recepi. All Things Bright and Beautiful Large and small, simple and complex… Simple animals GVC E.g. cnidarians GVC Digestion and circulation Elaborate GVCs Oxymoron, much? Jellyfish! Circular canal Mouth Radial canal 5 cm Figure 42.2 Complex but still real Closed and open Both have three things: Circulatory fluid Set of tubes Muscular pump Open Door Policy Insects, arthropods, molluscs “Blood bath” Heart Hemolymph in sinuses surrounding organs Anterior vessel Figure 42.3a Lateral vessels Ostia Tubular heart (a) An open circulatory system Isolationists Confined and distinct More efficient Blood vessels + 2-4 chambered heart Humans… Figure 42.3b Heart Interstitial fluid Small branch vessels in each organ Dorsal vessel (main heart) Auxiliary hearts Ventral vessels (b) A closed circulatory system Sploosh A fish heart - two main chambers One ventricle and one atrium Blood pumped from the ventricle Travels to the gills, where it picks up O2 and disposes of CO2 An amphibian heart three chambers Two atria and one ventricle Blood pumped from the ventricle into a forked artery That splits the ventricle’s output into the pulmocutaneous circuit and the systemic circuit “Air-id” Reptiles have double circulation Pulmonary circuit (lungs) w/ systemic circuit Turtles, snakes, and lizards: threechambered heart In all mammals and birds The ventricle: completely divided into separate right and left chambers The left side: only oxygen-rich blood The right side: only oxygen-poor blood Adaptation to endothermic way of life – powerful fourchambered heart Spine required AMPHIBIANS REPTILES (EXCEPT BIRDS) MAMMALS AND BIRDS Lung and skin capillaries Lung capillaries Lung capillaries FISHES Gill capillaries Artery Right systemic aorta Pulmocutaneous circuit Gill circulation Heart: ventricle (V) A Atrium (A) Systemic circulation Vein Systemic capillaries Pulmonary circuit A A V Right V Left Right Systemic circuit Systemic capillaries Figure 42.4 Pulmonary circuit Left Systemic V aorta Left A Systemic capillaries A V Right A V Left Systemic circuit Systemic capillaries The Anatomy of the Heart (an IB topic) 6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves, and the route of blood through the heart. (J00TUBE VIDEO) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xagO nC6sZEU&feature=related Schoolhouse Rock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgDQNpvyqw To Σ it ↑, 7 Capillaries of head and forelimbs Anterior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aorta Pulmonary artery 9 6 Capillaries of right lung Capillaries of left lung 2 4 3 Pulmonary vein 5 1 Right atrium 3 11 Left atrium Pulmonary vein 10 Left ventricle Right ventricle Aorta Posterior vena cava 8 Figure 42.5 Capillaries of abdominal organs and hind limbs THE HEART lub-dub, lub-dub… Pulmonary artery Aorta Pulmonary artery Anterior vena cava Left atrium Right atrium Pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins Semilunar valve Semilunar valve Atrioventricular valve Atrioventricular valve Posterior vena cava Figure 42.6 Right ventricle Left ventricle Veins of Glass (and arteries clogged with butter?) The flow of blood and relative size of the tubes: The Structure and Functions of… Arteries The walls - smooth muscle Transport blood away from the heart Transport oxygenated blood only except pulmonary artery Veins The walls - three layers of tissues Valves - aid the return of blood to the heart Transport blood towards the heart Transport deoxygenated blood only except pulmonary vein Capillaries From the Latin capillus, hair Tiny (extremely narrow) blood vessels 5-20 μm in diameter; 1 μm = 0.000001 m In most organs and tissues supplied by arterioles, drained by venules. Walls - one cell thick (see diagram) permits exchanges Functions Supply Remove Exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, salts, etc., One diagram to rule them all and in the biology room, bind them. There are more differences than just size, see? The masterminds, er, people at IB want you to know… Arteries Away from heart Oxygenated Blood Narrow lumens More muscle/elastic tissue Higher pressure than vains No valves Veins Towards the heart De-oxygenated Blood Wide lumens Less muscle/elastic tissue Lower pressure than arteries Have valves The Pressure to avoid Disease Blood pressure and cardiac diseases http://www.interactivetutorials.com/_mshost366568/tutorial/fo lder019/resources/highBloodPressure_ Final_11_13_03/index.html This interactive tutorial ties in adrenaline and the diseases of the heart, both of which are IB standards. It also doesn’t hurt for reinforcing the knowledge.