Transcript CH25_01 - Collierville High School

Preventive behaviors can reduce the
risk for cardiovascular disease and
stroke.
noncommunicable disease
atherosclerosis
cardiovascular disease
angina pectoris
hypertension
arrhythmias
arteriosclerosis
stroke
Cardiovascular Disease
The heart, blood, and blood vessels are at
risk for a number of potentially serious
diseases.
Cardiovascular Disease
Noncommunicable diseases are not infectious.
Noncommunicable disease
A disease that is not transmitted by
another person, a vector, or the
environment
Cardiovascular Disease
One of the most common noncommunicable
diseases is cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular disease
A disease that affects the heart
or blood vessels
Types of Cardiovascular Disease
There are many different types of CVDs.
As you read about these cardiovascular
diseases, think about how each one is caused
and what you can do to reduce your risk.
Hypertension
Hypertension can damage the heart, blood
vessels, and other body organs if it continues over
a long period of time.
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Hypertension
Because hypertension often has no symptoms in
its early stages, it is sometimes called a “silent
killer.”
To treat hypertension, patients should manage
their weight, get adequate physical activity, and eat
a nutritious diet.
Atherosclerosis
If you smoke, have high blood pressure, or have
high cholesterol levels, you may have
atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
A disease characterized by the
accumulation of plaque on
artery walls
Atherosclerosis
People with atherosclerosis have a condition called
arteriosclerosis, which can cause a heart attack
or stroke.
Arteriosclerosis
Hardened arteries with
reduced elasticity
Atherosclerosis
The artery on the far left is healthy, while the other
arteries show evidence of atherosclerosis.
Diseases of the Heart
When the blood supply to the heart is restricted,
the heart does not get the oxygen it needs, and a
heart attack can occur.
The result can be heart muscle damage or even
sudden death due to cardiac arrest.
Diseases of the Heart
Heart attack occurs due to insufficient blood supply
to the heart.
Cardiac arrest, in which the heart stops beating in
a rhythmic way, occurs due to an electrical problem
with the heart.
Diseases of the Heart
In many cases,
sudden cardiac arrest
can be reversed if
CPR or electric shock
using a defibrillator is
applied.
Diseases of the Heart
Diagnostic Tools
Electrocardiogram
Produces graph of heart’s electrical activity
Magnetic Resonance
Imaging
Produces images that show heart damage
Angiography
Detects vessel obstructions with dye and
x-rays
CT Scan
Creates heart images that show artery
blockage
Diseases of the Heart
Treatment Options
Coronary Bypass
Healthy vein from another area implanted to
create detour around blocked artery.
Angioplasty
Balloon inserted inside artery then inflated,
deflated, and removed.
Pacemaker
Chest implant sends electrical impulses to
heart to make it beat regularly.
Laser Intervention
Laser fiber inserted into blocked artery
vaporizes the blockage, restoring blood flow.
Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris, which usually lasts from a few
seconds to minutes, is usually caused by
atherosclerosis and should be taken very seriously.
Angina pectoris
Chest pain that results when
the heart does not get enough
oxygen
Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias happen when the heart skips a beat
or beats very fast or very slowly.
Arrhythmias
Irregular heartbeats
Arrhythmias
In one type of arrhythmia, called ventricular
fibrillation, the electrical impulses that regulate
heart rhythm become rapid or irregular.
This is the most common cause of cardiac arrest.
Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when a reduced or blocked
blood supply damages the heart muscle.
Many heart attacks are sudden and cause intense
chest pain, but about 25 percent produce no
symptoms.
Heart Attack
Anyone who experiences the following warning
signs of heart attack should call 911 immediately:
Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in chest area
Pain spreading to arms, neck, jaw, abdomen, or back
Chest discomfort, with shortness of breath, lightheaded
feeling, sweating, nausea, or vomiting
Congestive Heart Failure
This occurs when the heart gradually weakens and
can no longer maintain its regular pumping rate
and force.
Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive heart failure cannot be cured, but it can
improve through continuous treatment, such as
medication and practicing healthy lifestyle
behaviors.
Stroke
Sometimes an artery supplying blood to the brain
becomes blocked or bursts, resulting in a stroke.
Stroke
An acute injury in which blood
flow to the brain is interrupted
Stroke
A stroke that occurs because of a burst blood
vessel is called a cerebral hemorrhage.
Stroke can cause problems such as paralysis.
Stroke
Warning Signs of Stroke
Severe headache
Numbness on one side of the body
Confusion
Trouble walking
Dizziness
Trouble seeing out of one or both eyes
What Teens Need to Know
CVD can begin during the teen years.
A teen with damaged blood vessels may not
experience any symptoms until later in adulthood,
but the danger is already there.
What Teens Need to Know
CVD Risk Factors You Can Control
Tobacco Use
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Physical Inactivity
Excess Weight
Stress
Alcohol and Drug Use
Risk Factors
Unavoidable Risk Factors
Heredity
Gender
Age
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
1. Define cardiovascular disease.
A disease that affects the heart or blood
vessels
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
2. What can happen if hypertension
continues over a long period?
It can damage the heart, blood vessels,
and other body organs.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
3. What is a stroke?
An acute injury in which blood flow to the
brain is interrupted