Transcript The Heart In You

The Heart In You
Produced by
Jessica Owen
Brittany Furches
Julie Barrett
Heart Facts
Begins beating 4 weeks after
conception
 Fully developed about 8 weeks
after conception
 Force used to squeeze tennis
ball
 100,000 beats in a day
 35 million beats in a year
 2.5 billion beats in a lifetime
 Muscle force is twice as hard
as person sprinting
 Pumps about 1 million barrels
of blood in lifetime
 Heart performs enough work
in one hour to lift 3,000 lbs. 1’
off the ground

History of the Heart
Discovery of Circulation
 William
Harvey, 1628, theory of blood
circulation first published
 Showed that heart works like a pump
 Described how blood flows from the
heart to the lungs, back to the heart,
out to the body, and back to the
heart
Development of Heart Surgery
1912, James B. Herrick, first diagnosis of a heart
attack
 1938, Robert E. Gross performed first successful
repair of a congenital heart defect.
 1952, Charles Hufnagel, operated on a beating
heart & implanted first artificial heart valve
 1967, Christian Barnard, performed first human
heart transplant
 1982, William DeVries, implanted first
permanent artificial heart in human patient

Stethoscope
1816 (France)
– Rene-TheophileHyacinthe Laennec
– Wooden tube,
 1851, Arthur Leared
 1852, George Camman
 1961, Dr. David Littman
– Open/closed chestpiece
(appreciation/filter)
– “two-sided chestpiece”, “combination”

Stethoscope
• One end is put on chest
wall
• Flat, thin side picks up
vibrations of sounds
coming through chest
wall, picks up more
high pitched sounds
• “bell” side, shaped like
a semi-circle, is rested
very lightly on skin,
picks up more low
pitched sounds
Parts of the Heart
Right Coronary Artery
 Left Coronary Artery
 Superior Vena Cava
 Inferior Vena Cava
 Aorta
 Pulmonary Artery
 Pulmonary Vein
 Right Atrium

Left Atrium
 Right Ventricle
 Left Ventricle
 Papillary Muscles
 Chordae Tendineae
 Tricuspid Valve
 Bicuspid Valve (Mitral)
 Pulmonary Valve
 Aortic Valve

Coronary Arteries
-the vessels which bring blood to the heart muscle
-Emerge from beginning of Aorta, near the top of the heart
Right Coronary Artery
Supplies back of the
heart
Left Coronary Artery
Left Anterior
Descending
Supplies front of
heart
Left Circumflex
Wraps around left
side and back of
heart
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
The mains veins which
bring de-oxygenated
blood from the body to
the heart.
Veins from the head and
upper body feed into the
superior vena cava, which
empties into the right
atrium of the heart.
Veins from the legs and
lower torso feed into the
inferior vena cava, which
empties into the right
atrium of the heart.
Aorta
Largest single
blood vessel in
body
Approx. diameter
of thumb, garden
hose
Carries oxygen-rich
blood from left
ventricle to various
parts of the body
Pulmonary Artery/Vein
Pulmonary Artery:
The vessel that
transports deoxygenated blood
from the right
ventricle to the lungs
Pulmonary Vein: The
vessel transporting
oxygen-rich blood
from the lungs to the
left atrium
Left/Right Atrium
Left Atrium: receives
oxygenated blood
from the lungs
through the
pulmonary vein.
Right Atrium: receives
de-oxygenated blood
from the body
through the superior
vena cava & inferior
vena cava
Left/Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle: receives
oxygenated blood as the
left atrium contracts.
When the left ventricle
contracts, the bicuspid
valve closes & the aortic
valve opens.
LEFT
VENTRICLE
Right Ventricle: receives
de-oxygenated blood
from the body through
the superior & inferior
vena cava
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
Papillary Muscles
Attach to lower
portion of the interior
wall of the ventricles
Connect to chordae
tendineae
When papillary
muscles contract, the
valves open. When
papillary muscles
relax, the valves
close.
Chordae Tendineae
“Heart Strings”
Tendons which link the
papillary muscles to the
tricuspid & bicuspid valve
As the papillary muscles
contract & relax, the
chordae tendineae
transmit the resulting
increase & decrease in
tension to the valves,
causing them to
open/close
Tricuspid Valve
Separates the right
atrium from the right
ventricle
Closes as the right
ventricle contracts
preventing blood from
returning to the right
atrium, forcing it to
exit the pulmonary
valve into the
pulmonary artery
Bicuspid Valve
Separates the left
atrium from the left
ventricle
Closes as the left
ventricle contracts,
preventing blood from
returning to the left
atrium, which forces it
to exit through the
aortic valve into the
aorta
Pulmonary Valve
Separates the right
ventricle from the
pulmonary artery
As the ventricles contract,
it opens to allow the deoxygenated blood
collected in the right
ventricle to flow to the
lungs
As the ventricles relax, it
closes, preventing blood
from returning to the
heart
Aortic Valve
Separates the left
ventricle from the
aorta
Opens as ventricles
contract to allow
oxygenated blood in
the left ventricle to
flow throughout body
Closes as ventricles
relax, preventing
blood from returning
to the heart.
Pathway of Blood
 Two pumps work
simultaneously
 Pulmonary Circulation
Pumps the blood to
the lungs, where
carbon dioxide is
exchanged for
oxygen
 Systemic Circulation
Pumps the blood to
the body, and
releases the
oxygen & nutrients
Pulmonary Circulation
Blood is
Carried
to the
lungs
(6)
(1)
Pulmonary Superior/Inferior
Artery
Vena Cava
(5)
Pulmonary
Valve
(4)
Right
Ventricle
(2)
Right
Atrium
(3)
Tricuspid
Valve
Deoxygenated
Blood Enters
Heart
Systemic Circulation
Blood is
pumped
out to
body
(6)
Aorta
(5)
Aortic
Valve
(4)
Left
Ventricle
(1)
Pulmonary
Vein
(2)
Left
Atrium
(3)
Bicuspid
Valve
Oxygenrich
blood
comes
back to
heart
“Lub-dub”
“LUB”
Heard when valves between the upper
chambers and lower chambers close
“DUB”
Heard when valves in the pulmonary
and aortic arteries leaving the heart
close, followed by a longer pause, when
the heart relaxes to fill with blood for
next beat
Common Heart Diseases
1.
Coronary Artery Disease
• (CAD) = narrowing of the arteries that
supply blood to the heart, reducing amount
of blood the heart muscle receives
(“angina”)
• Most common form of heart disease
• Affects more men than women
• Affects elderly more than younger people
• May be hereditary
• Risk Factors (controllable)
•
High BP, cigarette smoking, extreme obesity,
stress
Common Heart Diseases
2.
Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)
• Death of heart muscle due to loss of
blood supply
• Almost always caused by blood clot on
a cholesterol plaque in coronary artery
• Pain: cardinal symptom
• Tightness, heaviness in chest, frequently
radiates to left arm or jaw
• Risk Factors:
• Smoking, high BP, elevated cholesterol,
diabetes
Common Heart Diseases
Atherosclerosis
• Formation of fat deposits on inner lining of
arteries
• Usually no symptoms until one or more
arteries is so clogged with plaque that blood
flow is severely reduced (“ischemia”)
4. Arteriosclerosis
• Hardening, thickening, and loss of elasticity
in artery walls
• Symptoms: circulatory disturbances, skin
temp. & color changes, altered pulse,
headaches, dizziness, memory defects
3.