Transcript To help poverty and civil rights

Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History
Pg
Assignment
Date
Date: 1/16/15
81
Please Do Now
1/6
82
Vietnam Study Guide
1/6
Activity: Civil Rights
Review
83
Legacy of the War Rdg
1/7
84
Legacy of the War Notes
1/7
85
Social Changes Vocab
1/9
86
Culture and Counterculture
1/13
87
Counterculture & Music
1/14
88
Civil Rights Timeline
1/16
Warm Up: While you are
waiting to get started,
skim through the
timeline and see what
you remember
Homework:
ALL LATE WORK DUE BY
TUES 1/20 OR ZERO
*End of MP Friday 1/23
*Quarterly Exam Th 1/29
Brown vs. Board of Education
• Who argued the case? What did the
Supreme Court declare?
– Thurgood Marshall -Ruled
segregation in school was an
unconstitutional violation of the 14th
Amendment’s equal protection under
the law
• Why did Chief Justice Warren rule
the way they did?
– Warren went against Plessy vs.
Ferguson and “separate but equal”,
stating it can never be equal in the
case of school. It would affect the
Montgomery, Alabama
• What are Jim Crow
laws? What does the
14th amendment
promise?
– Jim Crow laws are
ones that
segregate African
Americans in
public.
– The 14th
amendment grants
all persons born or
naturalized in US
citizens and grants
Montgomery Bus Boycott
What was Rosa Park’s role in the Montgomery Bus
Boycott?
– Rosa Parks refused to give her
seat to a white person and was
arrested. She helped the efforts of
the boycott.
What is a boycott? How are both sides hurt by a
boycott?
– To stop using a service or buying
products to hurt the industry. The
consumers can’t have the product
or use the service, but the
industry loses money by losing
customers.
What kind of support did the boycotters receive?
How did it all end?
Martin Luther King Jr.
• – Describe MLK’s background
– MLK was a preacher (minister)
and was treated poorly by
whites. He vowed to hate the
whites.
• Describe his methods:
– He used non-violent protests
and speeches to gain support
for his cause of gaining Civil
Rights.
• What is his organization and what
did they do?
– SCLC: Southern Christian
Leadership Conference. To
Little Rock, Arkansas
• How did some whites resist
desegregation?
– KKK boycotted businesses who
supported integration
– students (and parents) picketed
outside the schools
• What was the “crisis” in Little Rock?
What happened with Elizabeth
Eckford?
– Crisis came after Brown vs. Board of
Ed; school board and superintendent
were going to start desegregation,
but Governor Orval Faubus called in
National Guard to turn away the
“Little Rock Nine.” Elizabeth Eckford
had to enter the school on her own
and was terrified by the abusive
crowd taunting her.
Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History
Pg
Assignment
Date
Date: 1/20/15
85
Social Changes Vocab
1/9
Activity: Civil Rights Review
86
Culture and Counterculture
1/13
87
Counterculture & Music
88
Civil Rights Timeline
89
Civil Rights Movement
Changes
Warm Up: What was the
first accomplishment of
1/14
the Civil Rights
Movement that really
1/16
‘got the ball rolling’ for
future changes?
1/20
Homework:
*Read and take notes on
“The Great Society”
for tomorrow
*End of MP Friday 1/23
*Quarterly Exam Th 1/29
Little Rock, Arkansas
• How did the government
become involved?
– Eisenhower put Arkansas
National Guard under
federal control and ordered
1,000 paratroopers in to
oversee the 9 going to
school.
• What did the Civil Rights Act of
1957 do?
– It gave the Attorney General
greater power over school
desegregation and gave
federal government the
authority over violations of
African American voting
Sit Ins
What group led many of the sit-ins?
SNCC: Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee.
What are “sit-ins?” What makes them
effective?
When people would sit somewhere
and not get up to prove a point.
They are effective at gaining
peoples’ attention
What effect did they have?
They were on the national news and
showed the ugliness of racism and
gained a lot of support from people in
our nation (especially those up North
who protested the segregation in the
South)
Freedom Riders
What were the Freedom Riders trying to do?
– Trying to non-violently protest
segregation on busses and
bus terminals.
Why is Kennedy forced to take action? What
does he do?
– Kennedy had the Justice Dept
send 400 U.S. marshals to
protect the riders to Jackson,
Mississippi, AND the attorney
general and the ICC banned
segregation in all interstate
travel facilities, including
waiting rooms, restrooms, and
lunch counters.
Integrating Ole Miss
Why is the following quote shocking by
today’s standards: “I call on every
Mississippian to keep his faith and
courage. We will never surrender”?
– For someone to be that
adamantly racist is shocking
today.
Why is James Meredith brave?
– Because he was willing to go to
a school where no one wanted
him in order to help the Civil
Rights movement, even if it
meant being escorted to class
by federal officials and having
his home shot at.
Birmingham, Alabama
Describe Birmingham:
– Reputation for racial violence & strict
segregation laws, in fact- the most
segregated city in the nation.
What happens with MLK, children and Bull Connor?
– MLK organized a peaceful march on
Birmingham, with over 1,000 children. 959
children were arrested. The next day, a
second “children’s crusade” marched and
the police (Bull Connor was was police
commissioner) hosed them down and sent
dogs after them and clubbed those who fell.
How does the media affect the situation, Kennedy
and the rest of the nation?
– The media shed light to the rest of the
nation about how bad things were & it
influenced the need for more laws toward
racial justice
1963 – March on Washington
Who marches on
Washington? What do
they want?
– They marched on
Washington to try to get
JFK’s Civil Rights Act
passed
What famous speech is
given?
– MLK’s “I Had a Dream”
speech
***Civil Rights Act of 1964
What does this law do?
– LBJ vowed to get JFK’s
legislation passed after his
death. Civil Rights Act of
1964 prohibited
discrimination based on
race, religion, national
origin, and gender. It gave
all citizens the right to enter
public accommodations.
Freedom Summer
What was the goal of
“Freedom Summer?”
Eventually Freedom Summer
and the Selma Campaign lead
to the Voting Rights Act of
1965. What does this law do?
– Eliminated the “literacy” tests
that disqualified many voters
and stated that fed examiners
could enroll voters who had
been denied suffrage by local
officials.
Read about Johnson’s Great
Society before we discuss
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT CHANGES
• WHAT IS DE FACTO SEGREGATION?
Segregation that exists by practice or custom
• WHAT IS DE JURE SEGREGATION?
Segregation that exists by law
• LIST AN EXAMPLE OF EACH TYPE OF
SEGREGATION?
De Facto – not selling homes to African Americans
De Jure – segregated schools
• WHY IS DE FACTO SEGREGATION OFTEN
MORE DIFFICULT TO ERADICATE THAN DE
JURE SEGREGATION?
To end De Facto segregation you have to change
attitudes, not just eradicate laws.
Urban Riots
“White Flight” to
suburbs
African American
migration North
African
Americans lived
in decaying
slums
Landlords didn’t
comply with
housing and
health ordinances
Unemployment
rates twice as
high for blacks
than whites
De facto segregation
African American
Schools
deteriorating
Riots spread like wildfire
from 1964-1968
Malcolm X
• Born Malcolm Little
• Studied under Elijah Muhammad, the
head of the Nation of Islam
• Black Muslims –
– Black superiority and separatism
– Advocated armed self-defense
• Advocated armed self-defense
• Changed his tune by the end of his
life “Ballots or Bullets”
• Killed giving a speech in Harlem
February 21, 1965
• SNCC and CORE became more militant
than MLK’s SCLC.
– “We Shall Overcome” turned into “We Shall
Overrun”
– “Black Power” coined by Stokely Carmichael
BLACK PANTHERS
– created by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to fight
police brutality in the ghetto
– Advocated self-sufficiency for African American
communities, as well as full employment and decent
housing.
– Established daycares, free breakfasts, medical clinics,
homeless services (won support of people in the
ghettos)
WHY WAS 1968 A TURNING
POINT IN CIVIL RIGHTS?
• KERNER COMMISSION:
– FORMED BY LBJ
– STUDY CAUSES OF URBAN
VIOLENCE
• FINDINGS:
– "OUR NATION IS MOVING
TOWARD TWO SOCIETIES;
ONE BLACK, ONE WHITE,
SEPARATE AND UNEQUAL.“
• LED TO CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
OF 1968:
– BANNED DISCRIMINATION IN
HOUSING
Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History
Pg
Assignment
Date
Date: 1/21/15
85
Social Changes Vocab
1/9
Activity: Women’s Rights
86
Culture and Counterculture
1/13
87
Counterculture & Music
88
Civil Rights Timeline
1/16
89
Civil Rights Movement
Changes
1/20
90
Women’s Rights
1/21
Warm Up: Answer the last
question on “Civil Rights
1/14
Movement Changes”
Homework:
*Women’s Rights due
Friday 1/23
*End of MP Friday 1/23
*Quarterly Exam next
Thursday 1/29
• WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE RESULTS
OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AS
SUCCESSFUL, A FAILURE, OR MIXED?
EXPLAIN.
WHAT DO YOU THINK WERE THE
MOST IMPORTANT GAINS OF THE
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT?
The Great Society
What was the purpose of LBJ’s Great Society?
– To help poverty and civil rights*
What does the Great Society do in regards to
fight poverty (page 688)?
- Economic Opportunity Act (EOA);
$1bil in youth programs, antipoverty
measures, small-business loans,
and job training.
What does the Great Society do in regards to
healthcare (page 690)?
– Medicare:provided hospital
insurance and low cost medical
insurance for almost every
American 65 +
– Medicade:extended health
insurance to welfare recipients.
The Great Society
What does the Great Society do in regards to
housing (page 690)?
– App. $ to build 240,000 units of
low-rent housing, est.
Department of Housing &
Urban Development (HUD),
appointed first Af Amer cabinet
member as Secretary of HUD
What does the Great Society do regards to
immigration (page 691)?
– Immigration Act of 1965:
opened the door to many nonEuropean immigrants to settle
in U.S. by ending quotas based
on nationality. (reversed quotas
from Natl Origins Act of 1924)
The Great Society
• Good intentions to help
poverty but ultimately
failed because the
money needed to fund
the program was
redirected to the
Vietnam War.
Unfinished work/challenges
• More tax $ spent inner cities and forced
busing of school children angered some
whites.
• Affirmative Action programs involved
making special efforts to hire or enroll
groups that have suffered discrimination.
– Criticized for “reverse discrimination”
What two major problems did President Johnson’s Great Society focus on?
•-poverty and civil rights
How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the 1973 case Roe v. Wade?
- legalized abortion in many cases
Feminists argued that women should do what?
•
- be more assertive
- be able to choose a career other than homemaker
- receive equal pay for equal work
•
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
- it prohibited discrimination because of race, gender, religion &
national origin
What goals of the Civil Rights Movement were achieved by 1970?
- The passage of the Civil Rights Act
- Elimination of poll taxes and literacy tests
- Adoption of affirmative action