Transcript LE1-C5S9T1pg387-393 The Four Life Saving

LE1-C5S9T1 pg388-393 The Four Life Saving Steps
Purpose
This lesson introduces you to
lifesaving techniques for emergency
situations.
1.
Describe how to perform rescue
breathing.
2.
Explain how CPR can keep a victim’s heart
and brain alive.
3.
Identify the steps for performing the
Heimlich Maneuver.
CPS Key Word Questions (1-3)

Rescue
_______________
Breathing - mouth to mouth
resuscitation.

Heart
___________
Attack - when the blood to part of the
heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped.

Cardiac
____________
Arrest - when the heart stops beating.
CPS Lesson Questions (1-2)
Which sentence best describes your knowledge
of the Four Life Saving Steps?
A.
B.
C.
D.
I don’t know anything about it (yet).
I have heard of it, but don’t know the steps.
I have taken a life saving class before.
I am certified by the American Red Cross.
True or False:
In most emergencies people remain calm and
think clearly.
A. True
B. False
Think about your
knowledge of the
four life saving steps.
List 2-3 ways in which
you could assist
during an emergency.
(Use CPS “Pick a Student” for this question.)

In emergencies people involved find it difficult to
remain calm and think clearly.

In the midst of this confusion remind yourself of
the first and most important problems to check for;
A = Airway: Is the airway blocked?
B = Breathing: Is the victim breathing?
C = Circulation: Is the victim’s heart beating?

Choking occurs when a person inhales
something into the airway leading to the lungs,
blocking the airway, and preventing breathing.

In an accident, injured people may choke on
dirt, broken teeth or dentures.

The first procedure to learn is the Heimlich
Maneuver.

Stand behind the victim.

Place the thumb side of
the fist against the
victim’s abdomen.

Give 6-10 quick
backward and upward
thrust.

Repeat until the airway
is clear.

For an overweight person
or pregnant woman use
the same procedure
except place the fist in the
middle of the breastbone.

If you are the victim and
no one is around to help
use a chair or railing and
thrust yourself.



Kneel astride the victims
thighs. Place the heel of one
hand against the victim’s
abdomen.
Place your other hand on top
of your first hand and press
into the abdomen with a quick
forward and upward thrust.
Repeat this 6-10 times.
Sweep out foreign matter
using a hooked finger.
If the person is obese or pregnant:

Kneel to the side of the victim.

Place the heel of the hand 2 fingers widths above
the notch of the breastbone and place the other
hand over the first interlocking the fingers.

Position your shoulders over your hands and with
the elbows locked, press down 1 ½ to 2 inches 610 times.

If you discover a victim who is not breathing , it is
necessary to start breathing for the victim by forcing
oxygen into his or her lungs as soon as possible.

This process called rescue breathing or mouth-tomouth resuscitation, can prevent brain damage and
death.

The following steps describe how to give mouth-tomouth resuscitation to adults.

With the victim facing
up, open the mouth and
check to see if it is clear.
Use the hooked finger, to
sweep anything you find.

Tilt the victim’s head
back sharply by pressing
down on the forehead
and lifting on the jaw.

Keeping the victim’s head
tilted sharply back, pinch
the nose closed, cover the
victim’s mouth completely
with your mouth and give
2 full breaths.

Each breath should last 1
to 1 ½ seconds. Pause to
let the air come out.

After two breathes, listen
and feel for breathing by
placing your cheek close to
the victim’s mouth.

At the same time, check
the victim’s pulse by
placing two fingers in the
groove of the neck next to
the Adams’s apple.

If there is no pulse, start CPR
immediately.

If there is a pulse but no
breathing continue mouthto-mouth resuscitation at
the rate of 1 breath every 5
seconds or 12 times per
minute.

If the victim starts breathing
stop mouth-to-mouth.
CPS Lesson Question (3)
When providing a rescue breathe to restore a
victim’s breathing how long should each breath
last?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1 second
1-1 ½ seconds
1-2 seconds
2 seconds

CPR is a first aid procedure performed to restore
breathing and heartbeat.

It is a combination of mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation and a procedure known as closed
chest heart massage.

Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation supplies oxygen to
the lungs, while the closed chest heart massage
manually pumps blood through the victim’s body,
circulating it to the heart and brain.

CPR can be performed by a single rescuer or by more
than one rescuer, since CPR can be tiring and is
easier if two rescuers are available.

Before you begin CPR you should turn the victim face
up, clear the airway, give two full breaths, and check
for a pulse.

Only proceed if there is not pulse, and therefore, no
heartbeat present.
With the middle and
index fingers of the hand
nearest the victim’s legs
locate the lower edge of
the rib cage on the side
of the victim’s chest
closet to you.
Slide your fingers up the
edge of the rib cage to the
notch at the lower end of
the breastbone. Place your
middle finger in the notch
and the index finger next to
it, on the lower end of the
breastbone.
Place the heel of the hand
nearest the victim’s head
on the breastbone next to
the index finger of the
hand used to find the
notch.
Place the heel of the
hand used to fine the
notch directly on top of
the heel of the other
hand.

Position your shoulders over
hands, with elbows locked
and arms straight.

Press down on the
breastbone 1 ½ -2 inches.

Count aloud “one and two
and three…” until you get to
15.

After the 15th compression,
give two the victim two full
breathes.

When you complete four
cycles of 15 chest
compressions and 2
breathes check for a pulse.

If there is no pulse continue
CPR.

Place your hand closest to the infant’s head on the
forehead and leave it there throughout the CPR.

Place your middle and ring fingers of the other hand
on the breastbone.

Give 5 compressions with the 2 fingers at a rapid pace,
pushing the chest down about ½ - 1 inch.

Follow the 5 compression with 1 breath step as
described in mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Repeat the 5 to 1 step 20 times a minute until
breathing and heartbeat resume.

Measure 2 fingers widths above the ribcage with the
hand closet to the child’s head. Place the heel of the
other hand on the breastbone above the 2 fingers.

Place the other hand on the child’s forehead during CPR.

Using the heel of the hand and fingers off the chest give
5 compressions 1-1 ½ inches deep to 1 breath.

Repeat 12 times a minute until breathing and heartbeat
resume.
CPS Lesson Question (3)
Which first aid procedure combines
mouth-to mouth resuscitation and closed
chest heart massage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Heimlich Maneuver
Rescue Breathing
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Automated External Defibrillator


A heart attack occurs when the blood supply
to part of the heart muscle is severely reduced
or stopped.
Common signs and symptoms:
Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or
pain in the center of the chest that last for a few
minutes or goes away and comes back
 Pain spreading in the shoulders, neck or arms.
 Chest discomfort with lightheadedness, fainting,
sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath.

 When a person’s heart stops beating, the victim
is said to be in cardiac arrest.
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can keep
the individual alive.
 If a person has a heart attack, call EMS.
 Monitor the ABC’s and give CPR as necessary.
 A stroke occurs when blood vessels that deliver oxygen
rich blood to the brain ruptures or when a blood clot
forms and blocks the flow of blood in the brain.
 Common signs and symptoms of a stoke include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Paralysis on one side of the body
Blurred or decreased vision
Problems speaking, slurred speech
Difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness
Mental confusion, dizziness or loss of balance
Sudden, severe, or unexplained headache
Call EMS, lay victim on their side, cover with a blanket

The AED is a device that
uses a computer chip to
analyze the heart rhythm
and determines whether
a shock is needed.

This device allows
victims suffering a
sudden cardiac arrest a
greatly improved chance
of survival.
CPS Lesson Question (4)
When a person is complaining of pain
spreading to the shoulders, neck or arms
they could be experiencing this.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cardiac Arrest
A Heart Attack
A Stroke
Shock
List 2-3 common
signs and
symptoms of a
stroke victim.
(Use CPS “Pick a Student” for this question.)
Images in this lesson were taken from:
 Microsoft© Clip Art Gallery
 Marine Corps Combat Camera
 MCJROTC Student Text