Transcript Blood & Cardiovascular System

Blood & Cardiovascular
System
Alex Ferguson & Talibay Twine
Period 4
Interesting Facts



A healthy heart beats
on an average of
100,000 times a day
The human heart is
approximately the size
of your fist
A healthy heart pumps
2,000 gallons of blood
through 60,000 miles
of blood vessels each
day.
What is the Heart?

The heart is an Involuntary, hollow
muscle that pumps blood throughout
the blood vessels by repeated muscle
contractions which is the lifeline of the
body.
What Is the Heart?
Cardiovascular Terminology

Artery: A vessel that transports blood
away from the heart.

Arteriole: A small branch of an artery
that communicates with a capillary network.

Capillary: A small blood vessel that
connects an arteriole and a venule.
 Venule: A vessel that carries blood from
capillaries to a vein.

Vein: A vessel that carries blood toward the
heart.
Cardiovascular Structure &
Location

The Heart is divided into four hollow
chambers- two on the left and two on the
right

Upper Chambers Atria

Receive Blood returning to the heart.


Superior to the ventricles
Lower Chambers Ventricles

Receive blood from the atria and contract to force
blood out of the heart into arteries

Inferior to atria
Cardiovascular Structure &
Location
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The right atrium receives blood from two
large veins

Superior vena cava

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carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the
body to the heart’s right atrium
Inferior vena cava

carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the
body into the right atrium of the heart
Cardiovascular Structure &
Location
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The left atrium receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs through four pulmonary veins

Pulmonary veins
 Two from the right lung and two from the left
atrium
Cardiovascular Structure &
Location

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into
the lungs through the pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary trunk

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Divides to form the left and right pulmonary arteries that lead
to the lungs
The left ventricle pumps blood to the remainder of
the body via the aorta

Aorta

The largest artery in the human body; distributes oxygenated
to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation
Cardiovascular Structure &
Location

Between right atria and ventricle lies the
tricuspid valve and between the left atria
and ventricle lies the mitral valve

Tricuspid valve

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Permits blood to move from the right atrium into the
right ventricle and prevents backflow
Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

Permits blood from flowing back into the left atrium
from the ventricle
Cardiovascular Structure &
Location

At the base of the aorta between the aorta
and left ventricle is the aortic valve.

Aortic valve
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Permits blood to leave the left ventricle and prevents
blood from backing up into the ventricle
Cardiac Cycle Terminology
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Systole: the phase of the cardiac cycle
when a heart chamber wall contracts
Diastole: Phase of the cardiac cycle
when a heart chamber wall relaxes
Blood’s Pathway Through The
Heart
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Blood with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide
enters the right atrium through the vena cavae.
The right atrial wall contracts (systole) and the
blood passes through the tricuspid valve and
enters the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve
closes and blood moves through the pulmonary
valve and into the pulmonary trunk and its
branches (pulmonary arteries). From the
pulmonary arteries, blood enters the capillaries
associated with the alveoli of the lungs.
Blood’s Pathway Through The
Heart

Following gas exchanges between the blood in
the capillaries and the air in alveoli, freshly
oxygenated blood returns to the heart through
pulmonary veins that lead to the left atrium. The
left atrial wall contracts, and vlood moves through
the mitral valve into left ventricle. When the left
ventricular wall contracts, the mitral valve closes,
and blood moves through the aortic valve and into
the aortic branches.
Blood’s Pathway Through The
Heart
Pulmonary Circulation
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Pulmonary Circuit: sends oxygen depleted
(deoxygenated) blood to the lungs to pick up
oxygen and unload carbon dioxide.
Systemic Circulation
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Systemic Circuit: sends oxygen rich
(oxygenated) blood and nutrients to all body
cells and removes wastes

Waste and carbon dioxide diffuse out of the
cell into the blood, and oxygen in
the blood diffuses into the cell
Heart Sounds
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The heartbeat sound heard through a stethoscope
sounds like a lubb dupp
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Lubb
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Due to vibrations within the heart tissues associated with
the closing of valves
Occurs during ventricular contraction when the AV valves
are closing
Dupp
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Occurs during ventricular relaxation when the pulmonary
and aortic valves are closing
Blood Components
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Blood: Transports nutrients, oxygen, wastes,
and hormones; helps maintain the stability
of the intertital fluid; and distributes the heat
The blood the heart and blood vessels form
the cardiovascular system and link the
body's internal and external environment
Blood is vital in transporting substances
between body cells and the external
environment, thereby promoting
homeostasis
Blood Components
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Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

Shape places cell membrane closer to oxygen
carrying hemoglobin

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Cell Production= hematopoiesis

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Bloods red apperance caused by hemoglobin
Forms in yolk sack, liver,
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
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Protect against disesas in the immune system
Phagocytize bacterial cells in the body while
others
Blood Components
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Blood platelets (thrombocytes)
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Not complete cells that arise from large cells in
red bone marrow called megakaryocytes
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fragments releasing small sections of cytoplasm- the
platelets into the circulation the larger fragments shrink
and become platelets as they pass through blood
vessels in the way
Helps close breaks in damaged blood vessels and
initiate formation of blood cells
Blood Components
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Blood Plasma
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Transports nutrients, gases, vitamins ad serves
as the liquid portion of the blood in which the
cells and platelets are suspended
Plasma proteins remain in the blood and
interstitial fluids and
Blood Types

A blood type is a classification of blood
based on the presence or absence of
inherited antigenic


May be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins,
or glycolipids, depending on the blood group
or system
Blood types are inherited by both parents
Blood groups
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The ABO blood group system is the most
important in human blood transfusion
Blood Type AB does not contain AB
antibodies
Rh- second most significant group
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Hd and antigen D (found on rbc membrane)
Important blood transfusion and birth protection
Plasma
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Transports nutrients, gases, vitamins
and serves as the liquid portion of the
blood in which cells and platelets are
suspended
Carries absorbed amino acids to
where energy used to be.
Plasma lipids
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Include: phospholipids, cholesterol
Aren't: water soluble
Are: 92% water
What is a lipid?: functions of lipids include

energy storage, signaling, and acting as structural
components of cell membranes.
These lipids: combine with proteins to form…………
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Lipoproteins
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Any group of soluble proteins that combine
with and transport fat or other lipids in the
blood plasma.
The function: of lipoprotein particles is to
transport lipids (fats) (such as
triacylglycerol) around the body in the blood.
They increase as density decreases
Lipoproteins
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Chylomicron- high concentration (HC) of triglycerides (TRG).
Function: transports dietary fats to muscle and adipose tissue.
Very low density (VLDL)- (HC) produced in Liver from
remnants that have given up (TRG).
(LDL)- Function: delivers cholesterol to various cells, including
liver cells.
High density lipoprotein (HDL)- (HC) low concentration of
lipids Function: transports to liver remnants of chylomicrons
that have given up (TRG).
Disease
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Atheroscleorosis- deposits of fat
materials and cholesterol

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Form in lining of arterial walls
Walls form plaque
Plaque: -form blood clots
Blood clots: -(ischemia) blood
deficiency
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-(necrosis) tissue death
The End
Sources
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhe
alth/PMH0001762/
http://www.encognitive.com/node/1127
Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy
& Phisiology