Transcript 6.2 - Cardiovascular, Heart, Transport

Biology Journal 3/25/2013
Whenever blood enters the
heart, what chamber does
it go into first? Where
does it go second? What
does it leave through?
Biology Journal 3/26/2013
What is
atherosclerosis? What
kinds of things cause
it? What does it do to
the heart? What do you
think could be
treatments for it?
Biology Journal 2/13/2014
The heart is
surrounded
by fat tissue.
Why do you
think that
might be a
good thing?
6.2 Transport System
Assessment statement
6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood
vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart.
 Care should be taken to show the relative wall thickness of the four chambers.
 Neither the coronary vessels nor the conductive system are required.
6.2.2 State that the coronary arteries supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.
6.2.5 Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and
veins.
6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening
and closing of valves.
 collection of blood by the atria
 which is then pumped out by the ventricles into the arteries
 the direction of flow is controlled by atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves
6.2.4 Outline the control of the heartbeat in terms of myogenic muscle contraction, the role of
the pacemaker, nerves, the medulla of the brain and epinephrine (adrenaline).
6.2.6 State that blood is composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes (phagocytes and
lymphocytes) and platelets.
6.2.7 State that the following are transported by the blood: nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide,
hormones, antibodies, urea and heat.
There are 7 important substances that are
carried by your blood (according to our IB
topics). How many can you name?
7 important substances carried by your
blood:
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nutrients
Hormones
Antibodies
Urea
Heat
1. What is the name
of this chamber?
Right Atrium
4. What is the name
of this valve?
Atrioventricular
valve
2. What is the name
of this chamber?
Left Ventricle
3. What is the name
of this valve?
Semilunar valve
Complete the table!
Artery
Are they thick or thin?
Are they elastic?
Is the blood pressure
high or low?
Vein
Capillary
Complete the table!
Artery
Are they thick or thin?
Thick
Vein
Capillary
Thin
Really
thin
(only 1 cell thick)
Are they elastic
(stretchy)?
Is the blood pressure
high or low?
Yes
No
No
High
Low
Low
What are coronary
arteries? Why are they
important?
Coronary arteries are
the arteries that supply
blood to the heart itself.
They are important
because when they
become blocked, a
heart attack happens!
In one complete loop through the circulatory system,
your blood…
1. Passes through how many
chambers?
Four! Right atrium, right ventricle,
left atrium, left ventricle.
2. Is squeezed by contractions
of the heart how many times?
Two! In the right ventricle (which
sends it to the lungs) and in the
left ventricle (which sends it all
over the body)
3. Passes through how many
heart valves?
Four! 2 atrioventricular, 2 semilunar
The medulla of the brain
controls the heart rate by
reacting to the concentration
of CO2 in the blood.
If the concentration of CO2 in
the blood is high, would the
medulla make the heart rate go
faster or slower? Why?
Faster! The CO2 concentration is high because
O2 is being consumed and turned into CO2 by
cellular respiration. A faster heart rate is needed
to supply the oxygen to cells for this reaction!
Which chamber of the heart has the
thickest walls? Why? Which chamber
as the 2nd thickest? Why? Which
chamber has the 3rd thickest? Why?
Left ventricle. It pumps blood to
st
1
the whole body.
Right
ventricle.
It
pumps
blood
to
nd
2
the lungs
3rd
The atria. They only pump blood
to the next ventricle.
When might blood clots be a good
thing? When might blood clots be a bad
thing?
A compound fractured bone.
This soccer player’s tibia bone
is now poking out of his sock.
The blood around this injury will
be clotting very soon.
A blood clot in this person’s
thigh vein has caused blood to
build up in his entire leg.
When might blood clots be a good
thing? When might blood clots be a bad
thing?
Blood clots are good when they prevent blood loss (for
internal or external bleeding). They are bad when they
happen when they are not supposed to (heart attacks,
strokes, or “blood clots”)
What does the sinoatrical node do? How
does it do it?
The sinoatrical
node is a group of
heart muscle cells
that contracts, and
sends electrical
signals that cause
the other cells to
contract. It’s
called the
pacemaker.
Complete the table!
Cells
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Plasma
Platelets
What do they do?
Complete the table!
Cells
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
What do they do?
Transport O2 and CO2 (aka red
blood cells)
Fight off pathogens. Has
phagocytes, and lymphocytes (B and
T cells)
Plasma
Platelets
Liquid part of the blood. Transports
many important substances
Stick together to make blood clots
1. What is arthrosclerosis?
2. What kinds of diseases could be a
result of having arthrosclerosis?
Complete the table!
Parts of the Heart and their Function
Part
1.
2.
3.
4.
Description
Blood enters by filling this
chamber.
Blood leaves the heart by being
squeezed out of this chamber.
This chamber is larger and more
muscular than the other.
This structure separates the
chambers of the heart, to keep
blood going in one direction.
Complete the table!
Parts of the Heart and their Function
Part
1.
Atrium
2.
Ventricle
3.
Ventricle
4.
Atrioventricular
Valve
Description
Blood enters by filling this
chamber.
Blood leaves the heart by being
squeezed out of this chamber.
This chamber is larger and more
muscular than the other.
This structure separates the
chambers of the heart, to keep
blood going in one direction.
Suppose somebody had a mutation
to the DNA that coded for clotting
factor proteins. What do you think
could happen if your clotting factors
didn’t work?
When are clotting factors released
by your cells?
What do they do to platelets?
What do they do to white blood
cells?