Transcript 48898Adult Child Infant CPR

School and Community
Adult, Child
& Infant
CPR
Kacie Parker
, EMT-P, CMA, RNA
Instructor Trainer
House Keeping
•Fire Exits (Where are they?)
•Bathrooms (Where are they?)
•Policy on Eating, Drinking, and/or
smoking during class
•Please turn Cell phones on silent
during class
•Please review the section titled
“Health Precautions and Guidelines
During Training: on page xi of the
your manual.
House Keeping
During this course….
•If you have questions...please ask them
•If you have comments...please give them
•If you have relevant experiences...please
share them
Course Outline
•Lesson 1: Before Giving Care
•Lesson 2: Checking an Ill or Injured
Person
•Lesson 3: Breathing Emergencies
and Conscious Choking – Adult,
Child or Infant
•Lesson 4: Rescue Breathing – Child
or Infant
•Lesson 5: The Cardiac Chain of
Survival and Cardiac Emergencies
•Lesson 6: CPR and Unconscious
Choking – Adult, Child or Infant
Lesson 1-Before Give Care
Objectives
•Know how to identify and respond to an
emergency
•Know the three emergency action steps.
•Know the purpose of Good Samaritan Laws
•Identify the difference between consent and
implied consent
•Identify when and how to move an ill or
injured person
•Identify how to minimize the risk of disease
transmission
Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency
•By recognizing an emergency and taking
immediate action to help, you give a suddenly
ill or injured person the best chance for
survival
•Emergencies can often be recognized
because of unusual sights, appearances,
behaviors, odors or noises
Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency
As you watch the following video closely
observe the actions and behaviors of the
people involved.
Turn to page
2 of your
book
--VIDEO—
Deciding to Act
Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency
•What were some examples in the video of people using
their senses to recognize the emergency?
Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency
•What were some examples in the video of people using
their senses to recognize the emergency?
•Unusual Sights
*Blood *Smoke or Fire *Broken Items
•Unusual Appearance
*Person is noticeably uncomfortable
*Person is unconscious
•Unusual Odors
*Gasoline
*Natural Gas
•Unusual Noises
*Screaming
*An Explosion
*Glass Breaking
*Tires Screeching
*Smoke
Overcoming Barriers to Act
•There are many reasons why bystanders do
not get involved in an emergency situation
•It is normal to feel hesitant or unsure about
what to do
Turn to page
3-6 of your
book
Overcoming Barriers to Act
•What are some reasons people are afraid to
act?
Overcoming Barriers to Act
•What are some reasons people are afraid to
act?
Overcoming Barriers to Act
•What are some reasons people are afraid to
act?
•Uncertainty about the person’s condition
•Fear of catching a disease
•Fear of doing something wrong
•Fear of being sued
Good Samaritan Laws
All states of enacted Good Samaritan laws to
protect people who voluntarily give emergency
care, without accepting anything in return.
Turn to page
7-9 of your
book
•These laws, which differ from state to state,
may protect you from legal liability as long as
you –
•Act in Good Faith
•Are not negligent
•Act within the scope of your training
•You must obtain consent to help an ill or
injured person
Obtaining Consent
•To obtain Consent –
•State your Name
•Tell the person you are trained in First Aid
•Ask the person if you can help
•Explain what you think may be wrong
•Explain what you plan to do
•If a person refuses care, at least call 911 or the local
emergency number.
•A person who is unconscious, confused or seriously
ill may not be able to grant consent. In such cases,
consent is implied.
•If the person is a minor, get consent from a parent
or guardian, if present; otherwise consent is implied.
Preventing Disease Transmission
•What precautions could you take to protect
yourself from disease transmission?
•Avoid Direct Contact with –
•Blood
•Body Fluids
Turn to page
5-6 of your
book
•Use Protective Equipment, such as –
•Disposable gloves
•CPR Breathing barriers (such as face
shields and resuscitation masks)
•Wash your hands immediately after care.
Emergency Action steps
•Always follow the emergency action steps –
•CHECK – the scene for safety then
Turn to page
16-20 of
your book
•CHECK the victim for life-threatening conditions.
•CALL – 911 or the local emergency #
•CARE – for the ill or injured person
Emergency Action steps
•If you are alone, you must decide to Call First
or Care First
•Call First before giving care for –
•An unconscious adult or adolescent age 12 or
older
•A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant
•An unconscious infant or child known to be at a
high risk for heart problems
•Care First (give 2 minutes of care, then call 911)
•An un-witnessed collapse of an unconscious
person younger than age 12
•Any victim of a drowning
Identifying Life-Threatening Conditions
At times, you may be unsure if EMS
personnel are needed. Your first aid
training will help you make this decision.
In general you will call 911 or the local
emergency number if the person—
•Is or becomes unconscious.
•Has trouble breathing or is breathing in a
strange way.
Turn to page
18 of your
book
•Has chest discomfort, pain or pressure
that persists for more than 3 to 5 minutes
or that goes away and comes back.
•Is bleeding severely.
•Has severe (critical) burns.
•Has pressure or pain in the abdomen that does not go away.
•Is vomiting blood or passing blood.
•Has a seizure that lasts more that 5 minutes or has multiple
seizures.
Identifying Life-Threatening Conditions
•Has seizure and is pregnant or is a diabetic.
•Fails to regain consciousness after a seizure.
•Has sudden severe headache or slurred speech.
•Appears to have been poisoned.
•Has injuries to the head, neck and back.
•Has possible broken bones.
Also call for any of these situations:
•Fire or explosion.
•Downed electrical wires.
•Swiftly moving or rapidly rising water.
•Presence of poisonous gas
•Motor vehicle collisions.
Emergency Action Steps
•Usually when you give first aid, you will not
face hazards that require moving the person
immediately
•Moving a person can lead to further injury.
•You should move a person only when you can
do so safely and when there is an immediate
danger.
Before Giving Care
•Remember, as a responder, you play a critical
role when an emergency occurs. Your actions
can help save a life.
•What are the emergency actions steps?
•CHECK
•CALL
•CARE
Cardiac Chain of Survival
Lesson 2-Checking an Ill or Injured Person
Objectives
•Identify the signals of shock and describe
how t minimize its effects.
•Identify life-threatening and non-lifethreatening conditions.
•Demonstrate how to check a conscious
person for life-threatening and non-lifethreatening conditions.
•Demonstrate how to check an unconscious
person for life-threatening and non-lifethreatening conditions.
Checking an Ill or Injured Person
When you reach an ill or injured person, check
first for life-threatening conditions such as
unconsciousness. In many emergencies this
will be obvious but in some situations you may
not be able to tell.
Turn to page
30-32 of
your book
If you are not sure whether someone is
unconscious, tap him or her on the shoulder
and ask if he or she is okay. Use the person’s
name if you know it.
Speak loudly!
Checking an Ill or Injured Person
If you are not sure whether and infant is
unconscious, check by flicking the bottom of
the infant’s foot and/or tapping the infant’s
shoulders and shout to see if the infant
responds.
If the person does not respond to you, assume
that he or she is unconscious. Have someone
call 911 or the local emergency number.
Checking a Conscious Adult
•For purpose of first aid care, and “adult” is defined a
someone who is about 12 years of age or older.
•After checking the scene, you should check the
adult first for life-threatening conditions.
•Some conditions may become life threatening if
not recognized and cared for early.
•Obtain consent to give care.
Turn to page
30-32 of
your book
•A heat-to-toe examination should be done to check
a conscious adult.
•Care for the person based on the conditions found.
•Take steps to minimize shock.
Checking a Conscious Person
Step 1
CHECK the scene, then CHECK the
person.
Step 2
Obtain Consent
Step 3
CALL 911 or the local emergency number for
life-threatening conditions.
Turn to page
36-38 of
your book
Step 4
Ask the person—
•What is your name?
•What happened?
•Where do you feel pain or discomfort?
•Do you have any allergies?
•Do you have any medical conditions?
•Are you taking any medications?
Checking a Conscious Person
Step 5
CHECK head to toe for –
•Bleeding, fluids or wounds.
•Skin color and temperature.
•Medical ID bracelets and
necklaces.
•Observable signals of pain.
(Tip; For infants and
children, check from tow
to head. Do not separate
them from parent or
guardian.)
Step 6
Continue to monitor Airway,
Breathing and Circulation
(ABCs).
Checking a Conscious Child or Infant
•For purpose of first aid, a “child” is defined as someone
who is 1 to 12 years old (school age).
•For the use of pediatric AED equipment, a child is
someone between the ages of 1 and 8 or weighing less
than 55 pounds.
•For purposes of first aid, an “infant” is defined as
someone who is less than 1 year old.
Turn to page
30-32 of
your book
•After checking the scene, you should check the child first
for life-threatening conditions.
•Some conditions may become life threatening if not
recognized and cared for early.
Checking a Conscious Child or Infant
Obtain consent to give care from parent or guardian, if
present.
•Checking the conscious child or infant from toe to head.
It is less threatening and lets the child watch and take part.
Position yourself directly in front of the child, at eye level.
•Be calm and reassuring to the child and parent or
guardian.
-VIDEOChecking a Conscious & Unconscious Adult, Child & Infant
Recognizing and Caring for Shock
What is shock?
Turn to page
34-35 of
your book
•Shock is a life-threatening
condition in which not enough
blood is being delivered to all
parts of the body and can result
from injury or illness.
Recognizing Shock
Shock is likely to develop after any serious
injury or illness including severe bleeding,
serious internal injury, significant fluid loss or
other conditions.
•A person showing signals of shock needs
immediate medical attention.
•Body systems and organs begin to fail.
•The goals of First Aid are to get help quickly
and give care to minimize shock while caring
for the illness or injury.
Signs of Shock
•Restlessness or irritability.
•Altered level of consciousness.
•Nausea or vomiting.
•Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin.
•Rapid breathing and pulse.
•Excessive thirst.
Caring for Shock
•Call 911 or the local emergency number
immediately. Shock cannot be managed
effectively by first aid alone. A person suffering
from shock requires emergency medical care
as soon as possible.
•Have the person lie down. This is often the
most comfortable position. Help the person
rest comfortably is important because pain can
intensify the body’s stress and speed up the
progression of shock. Helping the person rest
in a more comfortable position may lessen any
pain.
Caring for Shock
•Control any external bleeding.
•Elevate the person’s legs about 12 inches,
unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries
or possible broken bones involving the hips or
legs. If you are unsure of the person’s
condition, leave him or her lying flat.
Checking an Unconscious Child or Infant
•After checking the scene and obtaining consent to give
care, you should check the child or infant first for lifethreatening conditions.
•One way to remember what to check for is “ABC” (Airway,
Breathing and Circulation).
•To find out if the heart is beating, an additional check for
signs of life includes checking for a pulse in the child or
infant.
Turn to page
32-34 of
your book
•To check for a pulse in a child you would need to feel for
a carotid pulse.
Checking an Unconscious Child or Infant
•To find the carotid pulse, place your fingers on the middle
of the throat and slide your fingers into the groove on the
neck. Feel for the pulse on the side of the child’s neck
closer to you.
•To check for a pulse in an infant, you would need to feel
for a brachial pulse.
•When checking for a brachial pulse place your index and
middle fingers on the middle of the inner arm between the
elbow and the shoulder when the arm is raised.
Checking a Unconscious Adult
Step 1
CHECK scene, then CHECK person.
Step 2
Tap shoulder and shout, “are you okay?”
Step 3
No response, CALL 911 or your local emergency number.
Step 4
Open airway (tilt head, lift chin), CHECK for
signs of life (movement and breathing) for no
more than 10 seconds.
Turn to page
39 of your
book
Step 5
If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.
Steps 6
If breathing, place in recovery position and
monitor Airway, Breathing and Circulation.
If breaths go in – Quickly scan the body for severe bleeding and get into
position to perform CPR or use an AED.
Checking a Unconscious Child
Step 1
CHECK scene, then CHECK child.
Step 2
Obtain consent from parent or guardian,
if present.
Step 3
Tap shoulder and shout, “Are you okay?”
Turn to page
40-41 of
your book
Step 4
No response, CALL 911 or your local emergency number.
If alone—
•Give about 2 minutes of CARE.
•Then CALL 911 or the emergency number.
Step 5
Open airway (tilt head, lift chin), CHECK for signs of life (movement
and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.
Checking a Unconscious Child
Step 6
If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.
Step 7
If breaths go in, CHECK for pulse (and
severe bleeding).
Step 8
If breathing, place is recovery position
and monitor ABCs.
If breaths do not go in—Give care for
unconscious choking.
If pulse, but no breathing—Give rescue
breathing.
Or
If no pulse—give CPR or use an AED.
Checking a Unconscious Infant
Step 7
If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.
Step 8
If breaths go in, CHECK for pulse (and
severe bleeding).
Step 9
If breathing, place in recovery position
and monitor ABCs.
Turn to page
42-43 of
your book
If breaths do not go in—
Give care for unconscious choking.
If pulse, but no breathing–
Give rescue breathing
Or
If no pulse—give CPR.
Checking a Unconscious Infant
Step 1
CHECK scene, then CHECK infant.
Step 2
Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if
present.
Step 3
Flick foot or tap shoulder and shout, “Are you
okay?”
Step 4
No response, CALL 911 or the local emergency number.
If alone—
•Give about 2 minutes of CARE.
•Then CALL 911 or local emergency number.
Step 5
If an unconscious infant is face-down roll face-up support head,
neck and back.
Step 6
Open airway (tilt head, lift chin) CHECK for signs of life (movement
and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.
Rescue Breathing Adult
-VIDEOHow to give Rescue Breaths -- Adult
Turn to page
63 of your
book
Rescue Breathing Adult
Step 1
Tilt head and lift chin, then pinch the nose
shut.
Step 2
Take a breath and make a complete seal
over the person’s mouth.
Step 3
Blow in to make chest clearly rise.
Turn to page
63 of your
book
(TIP: Each rescue breath should
last about 1 second.)
If breaths go in—Give CPR or use an AED.
If breaths do not go in—Give care for unconscious choking.
Life-Threatening Conditions
•Unconsciousness
•Not breathing or having trouble
breathing
•Choking
•Persistent chest pain
•No signs of life (movement or
breathing)
•Severe burns
•Shock
Lesson 3-Breathing Emergencies
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will know -•Prevention strategies to decrease the risk
of breathing emergencies
•The signals of breathing emergencies
•Demonstrate how to care for a conscious
choking person
Breathing Emergencies
•A breathing emergency occurs when a person is
having trouble breathing or cannot breathe at all.
•There are different conditions that may cause a
breathing emergency including injury, illness, or
disease
Turn to page
47 of your
book
•Breathing emergencies caused by asthma can be
prevents by the person following his or her
physician’s guidance and taking prescribed
medications
•Breathing emergencies related to allergic reactions
can be prevents by recognizing the first signals of an
allergic reaction and getting help immediately.
Signals of Breathing Emergencies
•Trouble breathing
•Slow or rapid breathing
•Unusually deep or shallow breathing
•Gasping for breath
•Wheezing, gurgling or making highpitched noises
•Unusually moist or cool skin
•Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin color
•Shortness of breath
•Dizziness or lightheadedness
•Pain in the chest or tingling in
hands, feet or lips
•Apprehensive or fearful feelings
Conscious Choking
•Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead to death
Turn to page
49-50 of
your book
•Common Causes of Choking include –
•Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food
•Drinking alcohol before or during meals
•Wearing dentures
•Eating while talking excitedly or laughing, or eating to
fast
•Walking, playing or running with food or objects in the
mouth
•A person with a partial airway obstruction can still move
air to and from the lungs, so he or she can cough in
attempt to dislodge the object.
•A person with a complete airway obstruction is unable to
cough, speak or breathe.
•A person who is choking may clutch at his or her throat.
This gesture is known as the universal sign of choking.
Conscious Choking
-- Video –
Conscious Choking Adult, Child & Infant
**As you practice with your partner the proper
techniques be sure to simulate giving back
blows and abdominal thrust.**
Conscious Choking
•Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead to
death if not cared for immediately.
•What actions do I perform if I find an adult victim
who can not talk, cough or breathe?
•5 Back Blows
•5 Abdominal Thrust
•What actions do I perform if I find an child who is
coughing forcefully?
•Encourage coughing and at any point they stop
coughing and can no longer talk, cough or breathe I
do 5 Back Blows and 5 Abdominal Thrust.
•What actions do I perform if I find an infant who can
not talk, cough or breathe?
•5 Back Blows
•5 Abdominal Thrust
Conscious Choking Adult
Step 1
CHECK scene, then CHECK person
Step 2
Have someone CALL 911 or local emergency
number
Step 3
Obtain consent
Step 4
Lean the person forward and give 5 back blows
with the heel of your hand
Turn to page
60 of your
book
Step 5
Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts
(Give chest thrusts to a choking person who is pregnant or too
big for you to reach around.)
Step6
Continue back blows and abdominal thrusts until—
Object is forced out
Person can breathe or cough forcefully
Person becomes unconscious
Conscious Choking Child
Step 1
CHECK scene, then CHECK person
Step 2
Have someone CALL 911 or local emergency
number
Step 3
Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present
Step 4
Lean the person forward and give 5 back blows
with the heel of your hand
Turn to page
61 of your
book
Step 5
Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts
(For a child, stand or kneel behind the child depending on his or
her size.)
Step6
Continue back blows and abdominal thrusts until—
Object is forced out
Person can breathe or cough forcefully
Person becomes unconscious
Conscious Choking Infant
Step 1
CHECK scene, then CHECK person
Step 2
Have someone CALL 911 or local emergency
number
Step 3
Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if
present
Step 4
Give 5 back blows with the heel of your hand
Turn to page
62 of your
book
Step 5
Give 5 chest thrusts
(Hold head and neck securely when giving back blows and
chest thrust.)
Step6
Continue back blows and abdominal thrusts
until—
Object is forced out
Person can breathe or cough forcefully
Person becomes unconscious
Lesson 4-Rescue Breathing Child or Infant
Objectives
•How to recognize when a person has
stopped breathing.
•Demonstrate how to give rescue breathing.
Rescue Breathing Child
•Rescue breathing is a process of breathing air into a
child who is not breathing.
•This condition is commonly caused by injury, illness or
choking.
•When giving rescue breathing to a child, give 1 breath
every 3 seconds and check for signs of life about every
minute.
Turn to page
52-53 of
your book
•Each rescue breath should last about 1 second. With
each breath, watch the chest clearly rise and fall.
•Continue rescue breathing as long as signs of life are
present and the child is not breathing.
Rescue Breathing Child
•It is natural to feel uncomfortable about making mouth-tomouth contact with a stranger. However, it is important to
know that the risk of disease transmission is very low
when giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
•A resuscitation mask or face shield (also known as a CPR
breathing barrier) may reduce the risk of disease
transmission between the responder and the child.
•Rescue breathing should not be delayed because you do
not have a breathing barrier or do not know how to use
one.
•Respiratory arrest, if not cared for quickly, can lead to a
cardiac emergency.
Rescue Breathing Infant
•Rescue breathing is a process of breathing air into
an infant who is not breathing.
•This condition is commonly caused by injury, illness
or choking.
Turn to page
53-54 of
your book
•When giving rescue breathing to an infant, give 1
breath every 3 seconds and check for signs of life
about every 2 minutes. Ensure that you make a seal
over the infant’s mouth and nose.
•Each rescue breath should last about 1 second.
With each breath, watch the chest clearly rise and
fall.
•Continue rescue breathing as long as signs of life
are present and the infant is not breathing.
Rescue Breathing Infant
•It is natural to feel uncomfortable about making mouth-tomouth contact with a stranger. However, it is important to
know that the risk of disease transmission is very low
when giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
•A resuscitation mask or face shield (also know as CPR
breathing barrier) may reduce the risk of disease
transmission between the responder and the infant.
•Rescue breathing should not be delayed because you do
not have a breathing barrier or know how to use one.
•Respiratory arrest, if not cared for quickly, can lead to a
cardiac emergency.
-VIDEORescue Breathing Child & Infant
Rescue Breathing Child
Step 1
Give 1 rescue breath about every 3
seconds.
•Pinch nose shut.
•Make seal over child’s mouth.
•Blow in to make chest clearly rise.
(Each rescue breath should last
about 1 second.)
Turn to page
64 of your
book
Step 2
After about 2 minutes, recheck signs of life and pulse for no more
than 10 seconds.
If pulse, but no breathing—continue rescue breathing.
If no pulse—give CPR or use an AED.
Rescue Breathing Infant
Step 1
Give 1 rescue breath about every 3
seconds.
•Seal mouth over Infant’s mouth and nose.
•Blow in to make chest clearly rise.
(Each rescue breath should last
about 1 second.)
Turn to page
65 of your
book
Step 2
After about 2 minutes, recheck signs of life and pulse for no more
than 10 seconds.
If pulse, but no breathing—continue rescue breathing.
If no pulse—give CPR.
Lesson 5-The Cardiac Chain of Survival
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will know -•How to recognize the signals of a cardiac
emergency
•How to care for a heart attack
•The links of the Cardiac Chain of Survival
Preventing Heart Disease
•Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in
both men and women.
•Taking steps to prevent heart disease or to reduce your
risk of heart disease is one of the most important things
you can do for your health.
Turn to page
73 of your
book
Heart Healthy IQ
The following statements represent a heart healthy lifestyle that
can reduce your chances of heart disease. Check each
statement that reflects your lifestyle.
Turn to page
80 of your
book
1. I do not smoke and I avoid inhaling
the smoke of others.
2. I eat a balanced diet that limits my
intake of saturated fat and
cholesterol.
3. I participate in continuous, vigorous
physical activity for 20 to 30 minutes
or more at least three times a week.
4. I have my blood pressure checked
regularly.
5. I maintain an appropriate weight.
If you did not check two or more of the statements, you should
consider making changes in your lifestyle no.
Recognizing a Heart Attack
•What is a heart attack?
•When a heart muscle is damaged from a lack of
oxygen and blood supply by either disease or trauma.
A heart attack can eventually lead to cardiac arrest, a
condition in which the heart stops functioning
altogether.
-- Video—
Signals of a Heart Attack
and the Cardiac Chain of Survival
Recognizing a Heart Attack
•What signals did the person have in the video?
Turn to page
69-70 of
your book
Recognizing a Heart Attack
•What signals did the person have in the video?
•Persistent Chest Pain or
pressure that lasts longer than 35 minutes or goes away and
comes back.
•Chest pain spreading to the
shoulders, neck, jaw, or arms
Turn to page
69-70 of
your book
•Shortness of breath or trouble
breathing
•Nausea or vomiting
•Dizziness, lightheadedness or
fainting
•Pale, ashen (grayish) or bluish skin
•Sweating
Recognizing a Heart Attack
•A person having a heart attack may deny that he or she
has any signals
•Both men and women experience the most common
heart attack signal, which is chest pain or discomfort.
Women are somewhat more likely to experience some of
the other warning signals, particularly shortness of breath,
nausea/vomiting and back or jaw pain.
Turn to page
69-70 of
your book
•Women also tend to delay telling others about their
signals to avoid bothering or worrying others.
Signals of a Heart Attack
•Persistent chest discomfort lasting more than 3 to 5 minutes.
•Discomfort, pain or pressure in either arm, back or stomach.
•Discomfort, pain or pressure that spreads to the shoulder, arm,
neck or jaw.
•Dizziness, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness.
•Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath and
breathing that is faster than normal.
Turn to page
69-70 of
your book
•Nausea.
•Pale or ashen-looking skin.
•Sweating—face may be moist or person may be sweating profusely.
Main Cause of a Heart Attack
Buildup of fatty materials on the inner walls of the arteries reduces
blood flow to the heart muscle and may cause a heart attack.
Cardiac Chain of Survival
•CPR alone is not enough to help someone survive a
cardiac arrest (a condition in which the heart stops
functioning altogether). Advanced medical care is
needed as soon as possible. This is why it is so
important to call 911 immediately.
•The greatest chance of survival from cardiac arrest
occurs when the following sequence of events
happens as rapidly as possible –
Turn to page
72-74 of
your book
•Early Recognition and Early Access
•Early CPR
•Early Defibrillation's
•Early Advanced Medical Care
Cardiac Chain of Survival
•An Automated External Defibrillated (AED) is a
device that analyzes the heart’s electrical rhythm
and, if necessary, prompts a responder to deliver a
shock using the AED to a person experiencing
sudden cardiac arrest.
•Defibrillation is an electric shock that interrupts the
heart’s chaotic electrical activity, most often
ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib), during sudden cardiac
arrest. The shock may help the heart restore its
ability to function as a pump.
Cardiac Emergencies
•CPR helps to circulate blood that contains oxygen to
the brain and vital organs when the heart stops.
•In a cardiac emergency, it is vital to call 911.
•Can you name the steps of the Cardiac Chain of
Survival?
•Early recognition and Early Access
•Early CPR
•Early Defibrillation
•Early Advanced Medical Care
Lesson 6-CPR and Unconscious
Choking – Adult, Child or Infant
Objectives
•Demonstrate how to give CPR.
•Demonstrate how to clear an obstructed
airway or an unconscious person.
CPR Adult
•If a person is in cardiac arrest, he or she is
unconscious, not breathing and shows no other
signs of life.
•Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can help
circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital
organs by a combination of chest
compressions and rescue breaths.
Turn to page
74-76 of
your book
Unconscious Choking Adult
•If you attempt rescue breathing but are unable to make
the chest clearly rise, you must act quickly to get air into
the person. Care for an unconscious choking adult is very
similar to the skill of adult CPR, with the exception that you
look for a foreign object between compressions and
breaths. Chest compressions are used to help force air
from the person’s lungs to dislodge the object.
Turn to page
79 of your
book
CPR Child
Turn to page
76-77 of
your book
•As discussed earlier, unlike adults, children seldom
initially suffer a cardiac emergency. Instead, they suffer a
respiratory emergency that develops into a cardiac
emergency.
•Motor vehicle crashes, drowning, smoke inhalation,
poisoning, airway obstruction, firearm injuries and falls are
all common causes of respiratory emergencies. That can
develop into a cardiac emergency.
•A cardiac emergency can also result from an acute
respiratory condition, such as a severe asthma attack.
Less commonly, a cardiac emergency may occur due to
congenital heart disease or from blunt impact to the chest
(such as Commotio Cordis).
CPR Child
•If a child is in cardiac arrest, he or she is unconscious, not
breathing and shows no signs of life. CPR can help
circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital organs. CPR
is a combination of chest compressions and rescue
breaths.
Unconscious Choking Child
•If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to make the
chest clearly rise, you must act quickly to get air into the
child. Care for an unconscious choking child is very
similar to the skill of child CPR, with the exception that you
look for a foreign object between compressions and
breaths. Chest compressions are used to help force air
from the child’s lungs to dislodge the object.
Turn to page
79 of your
book
CPR Infant
•Cardiac emergencies are rare in an otherwise healthy
infant.
•Cardiac emergencies in infants are usually preceded by
trauma or a breathing emergency, like drowning or
choking, or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Turn to page
78-79 of
your book
•Infants born with genetic or congenital problems also
might be at an increased risk for cardiac emergencies
because of problems with their heart’s structure or
function.l
•If an infant is in cardiac arrest, he or she is unconscious,
not breathing and shows no signs of life. CPR can help to
circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital organs. CPR
is a combination of chest compressions and rescue
breaths.
Unconscious Choking Infant
Turn to page
79-80 of
your book
•If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to make the
chest clearly rise, you must act quickly to get air into the
infant. Care for an unconscious choking infant is very
similar to the skill of infant CPR, with the exception that
you look for a foreign object between compressions and
breaths. Chest compressions are used to help force air
from the infant’s lungs to dislodge the object.
-VIDEOUnconscious Choking & CPR
Adult, Child & Infant
CPR Adult
Step 1
Give cycles of 30 chest compressions
and 2 rescue breaths.
Turn to page
86-87 of
your book
Step 2
Continue CPR until –
•Scene becomes unsafe.
•You find a sign of life.
•AED is ready to use.
•You are too exhausted to
continue
•Another trained responder
arrives and takes over.
Use an AED as soon as one becomes available.
Unconscious Choking Adult
Step 1
Tilt head farther back.
Try 2 rescue breaths again.
Step 2
If chest does not rise—
Give 30 chest compressions.
(Remove breathing barrier when giving chest
compressions.)
Step 3
Look for an object.
Turn to page
88-89 of
your book
Step 4
Remove if one is seen.
Step 5
Try 2 rescue breathings.
If breaths do not go in—
Continue steps 2 – 5.
•If breaths go in—
•Check for signs of life.
•Give care based on conditions found.
Unconscious Choking Adult
CPR Child
Step 1
Give cycles of 30 chest compressions
and 2 rescue breaths.
Turn to page
90-91 of
your book
Step 2
Continue CPR until –
•Scene becomes unsafe.
•You find a sign of life.
•AED is ready to use.
•You are too exhausted to
continue
•Another trained responder
arrives and takes over.
Use an AED as soon as one becomes available.
If pulse, but no breathing, give rescue breathing.
Unconscious Choking Child
Step 1
Tilt head farther back.
Try 2 rescue breaths again.
Step 2
If chest does not rise—
Give 30 chest compressions.
(Remove breathing barrier when giving chest
compressions.)
Step 3
Look for an object.
Turn to page
92-93 of
your book
Step 4
Remove if one is seen.
Step 5
Try 2 rescue breathings.
If breaths do not go in—
Continue steps 2 – 5.
•If breaths go in—
•Check for signs of life.
•Give care based on conditions found.
Unconscious Choking Child
CPR Infant
Step 1
Give cycles of 30 chest compressions
and 2 rescue breaths.
Turn to page
94-95 of
your book
Step 2
Continue CPR until –
•Scene becomes
unsafe.
•You find a sign of life.
•AED is ready to use.
•You are too exhausted
to continue
•Another trained
responder arrives and
takes over.
If no signs of life—continue CPR.
If a pulse, but no breathing—give rescue
breathing.
Unconscious Choking Infant
Step 1
Tilt head farther back.
Try 2 rescue breaths again.
Step 2
If chest does not rise—
Give 30 chest compressions.
(Remove breathing barrier when giving chest
compressions.)
Step 3
Look for an object.
Turn to page
96-97 of
your book
Step 4
Remove if one is seen.
Step 5
Try 2 rescue breathings.
If breaths do not go in—
Continue steps 2 – 5.
•If breaths go in—
•Check for signs of life.
•Give care based on conditions found.
Unconscious Choking Infant