Transcript Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Circulatory and
Respiratory Systems
Chapter 17
The Heart
Myocardium:
Heart muscle
cells
Atrium: Upper chambers of
the heart, left and right
Ventricles: Lower chambers
of the heart, left and right
Septum: Divides heart into
two halves
The Heart
Pacemaker:
Controls
the rate at which your
heart beats (muscle
contracts).
The Path of Blood
1. Deoxygenated blood enters the
right atrium.
2. Blood is then pumped to the
right ventricle.
3. Blood is then pumped to the
lungs to get oxygen.
4. Oxygenated blood goes to the
left atrium from the lungs.
The Path of Blood
5. Blood is then pumped to the
left ventricle.
6. Blood then goes out to the body
tissue in need of oxygenated
blood.
THE HEART
Supporting Videos
 ECG
(EKG):
http://video.about.com/heartdisease
/Electrocardiogram.htm
 How the Heart Works:
http://video.about.com/heartdisease
/How-the-Heart-Functions.htm
The Physiology of Blood
 Plasma:
55% of total blood
volume, made up of 92% water .
Carries the proteins, salts,
chemicals, red and white blood
cells.
 Red Blood Cells: Oxygen carrying
cells in blood
 Hemoglobin: The oxygen
carrying part of the RBC
The Physiology of Blood
 White
Blood Cells: Larger than
RBC, but fewer in number. Used
to fight infection. WBC increases
when an infection is being
fought.
 Blood Platelets: Smallest blood
cell, preventing loss of blood by
its clotting factor. These begin
the process of scab formation.
Blood Vessels
 Arteries:
Carry oxygenated blood
away from the heart (LV)
 Capillaries: Small vessels that
carry blood to smaller blood
vessels and tissues.
 Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood
back to the heart (RA)
Lymphatic System
 Drains
tissue fluid into the
bloodstream and helps fight
infection.
 Lymph: Fluid transported in
lymphatic system (proteins, fats,
WBC)
 Lymphocytes: WBC that protect
body against pathogens
 Lymph Nodes: Swell when body
is fighting infection
Types of WBC
B
Cells: produce antibodies
 Helper T: release toxins to
destroy pathogens
 Killer T: Aid the B and Helper T
cells and control other immune
system response
Blood Pressure
 Systolic:
Ventricular Contraction
 Diastolic: Ventricular Relaxation
The best way to improve BP is
aerobic exercise and diet.
Sodium is the #1 dietary cause
of High BP.
Medication should be a last option.
Heart Problems
 Congenital:
Created from birth
 Heart Murmur: Regurgitation of
blood flowing back through valve
not completely sealed.
 Varicose Veins: Swollen,
enlarged veins caused by pooling
blood. Standing a lot can lead to
varicose veins.
Supporting Videos
 Thrombosis:
http://video.about.com/cholesterol/T
hrombosis.htm
 Heart Attack:
http://video.about.com/heartdisease
/Heart-Attack.htm
Diseases of the Blood
 Anemia:
hemoglobin levels in
blood abnormally low, often
giving a yellowish skin.
 Leukemia: cancer of the WBC in
the bone marrow. Can be
treated with a transplant.
 Hemophilia: deficiency of blood
protein causing blood not to clot.
It is genetic.
Lymphatic Problems
 Immune
Deficiency: the bodies
inability to fight disease
effectively. Can be congenital,
inherited or acquired disease.
 Hodgkin’s Disease: Cancer of the
lymphatic system, can be treated
with radiation.
 Tonsillitis: tonsils become
infected and swollen.
The Respiratory System
The Lung = Tree Analogy
The Lung = Tree Analogy
Trachea
= Tree Trunk
Bronchi (plural for Bronchus)
= Large branches off tree
trunk
Bronchioles = Twig branches
Alveoli = Leaves = the point
of chemical exchange for
both human and tree
Respiratory System
 Respiration:
exchange of gases
between body and environment
 Diaphragm: muscle which causes
you to breathe
 What other muscles help us
breathe, specifically during
exercise?
Anatomy of the Lungs
 Lobes:
large section containing
bronchioles and alveoli
 Bronchioles: tubes that leading
from bronchus to alveoli
 Alveoli: small sacs that allow
CO2 and O2 to be exchanged
 Pharynx: your throat
 Trachea: wind pipe
 Bronchi: airways connecting
trachea to the lungs
Anatomy of the Lungs
 Larynx:
voice box
Supporting Videos
 How
Lungs Work:
http://video.about.com/asthma/How
-Lungs-Function.htm
Lung Conditions
 Bronchitis:
inflammation oft eh
bronchioles
 Asthma: a narrowing of the
bronchioles, several causes
 Pneumonia: inflammation of different
parts of the lung, viral and bacterial
causes, making breathing
uncomfortable
 Tuberculosis: infectious bacterial
disease of the lungs (highly
contagious)
Lung Conditions
 Emphysema:
common among
chronic smokers. Alveoli burst
forming fewer and larger sacs
with less surface area, which
limits gas exchange and causes
labored breathing.
 Sinusitis: inflammation of the
membrane lining the facial
sinuses.
Supporting Videos
 Bronchitis:
http://video.about.com/asthma/Bron
chitis.htm
 Bronchodilators:
http://video.about.com/asthma/Bron
chodilators.htm
 Asthma:
http://video.about.com/asthma/Asth
ma.htm