Transcript Blood Flow in Human Body

capillary beds
of gills
heart
rest of body
lungs
right
atrium
lungs
left
atrium
heart
rest of body
right
left
atrium
atrium
right ventricle left ventricle
rest of body
Fig. 39.4, p. 669
Name Parts and Oxygen-rich or
Oxygen-poor
I. Parts of Heart
Know: A/V, tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve,
pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, aorta,
sinoatrial node (pacemaker), pericardium,
inferior/superior vena cava.
Know: Oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor.
SA node,
the cardiac
pacemaker
AV node
AV bundle
the electrical bridge
between the atria and
ventricles (branchings
of cardiac conducting
cells that do not serve
in heart contraction)
Fig. 39.15, p. 677
II. Types of Muscle
A. Smooth: Organs, vessels; involuntary.
B. Striated/Skeletal: Voluntary and tires.
C. Cardiac: Striated in appearance;
involuntary.
III. Blood Flow in Human Body
A. Artery: Thick diameter, wrapped in smooth
muscle, no valves, leave heart.
B. Vein: Thinner than artery, wrapped in smooth
muscle, valves, return blood to heart.
C. Capillary: Thin diameter, thin membrane,
function as for gas exchange.
outer
coat
ARTERY
smooth
muscle
basement
membrane
elastic tissue
elastic tissue
outer
coat
endothelium
smooth muscle rings
over elastic tissue
basement
membrane
endothelium
ARTERIOLE
basement
membrane
endothelium
CAPILLARY
outer
coat
VEIN
smooth muscle, basement
elastic fibers
membrane
endothelium
valve
Fig. 39.16, p. 678
to the heart
valve
open
valve
closed
prevents
backflow
valve
closed
valve
closed
Fig. 39.20, p. 681
III. Blood Flow (con’t)
D. Blood Pressure
Systolic: When ventricle is contracting;
Maximum pressure.
Diastolic: When ventricle is relaxed and
refilling; Minimum pressure.
Average Healthy: 120/80
a–Diastole
(mid-to-late).
Ventricles fill,
atria contract.
c–Diastole
(early). Both
chambers
relaxed.
b–Ventricular
systole (atria are
still in diastole).
Ventricles eject.
Fig. 39.13, p. 677
Fig. 39.17, p. 678
IV.Characteristics of Blood
A. Four Components:
1. Plasma (liquid)
2. Red Blood Cells/Erythrocytes
(carry oxygen)
*Contain hemoglobin
(protein with iron)
*Made in marrow
*No nucleus
IV.Characteristics of Blood (con’t)
3. White Blood Cells (immune system)
*Made in bone marrow
4. Platlets (blood clotting)
IV.Characteristics of Blood (con’t)
B. Blood pH
1. Blood is usually at pH 7.4.
At 7.2, hemoglobin unloads oxygen to
cells. Why?
2. CO2 + H2O  Carbonic Acid
3. Stable blood pH accomplished by
buffers (resist pH changes).
IV.Characteristics of Blood (con’t)
C. Blood Typing:
Outer coat of RBC has antigens
Our immune system learns to make
antibodies (Y-shaped proteins)
Know AB+/- blood problems
Blood
Type
A-
A+
BB+
ABAB+
O-
O+
Antigens Antibodies (in Receive Donate to…
(on RBC)
plasma)
From…
Genotype of Blood Types
A - IAIA or IAi
B - IBIB or IBi
AB – IAIB
0 – ii
Rh + - RR or Rr
Rh - - rr
A- is crossed with AB+
Their children can have which blood types?
Ultrafiltration versus Reabsorption
blood to
venue
blood
from
arteriole
outward-directed
bulk flow
inward-directed
osmotic movement
cells of
tissue
Fig. 39.19b, p. 681
V. Lymph System
A. System of tubes that
collect fluid from
interstitial tissue.
B. Collect in lymph
nodes (loaded with
lymphocytes.
C. Also contains
spleen (disposes of
blood cells).