Cardiovascular System: - Hinsdale Township High School
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Transcript Cardiovascular System: - Hinsdale Township High School
Cardiovascular Structure
Why do we need a CV system?
The heart pumps blood and blood vessels transport
blood, so that
Oxygen reaches all cells of the body
Carbon dioxide reaches the lungs to be exhaled
What other vital components are carried through the
blood vessels (in the blood)?
Nutrients
Hormones
WBC’s
Blood flows through 60,000 miles of vessels!
CV system continued
What happens when the blood vessels of your
extremities & body surface—
Vasodilate? (widen)
Blood travels to these areas, releasing heat
Vasoconstrict? (narrow)
Blood travels to the core, conserving heat
Therefore: CV system is also important for
temperature regulation
Summary
Structures of the CV System
Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries, arterioles
Veins, venules
Capillaries
Functions of the CV System
Transport
Temperature regulation
Let’s start with the HEART
Shape: Triangular
Size: Closed Fist
Location:
2/3 to the left of the midline
1/3 to the right
Apex sits on the diaphragm
X & 0 are two common areas where heart
sounds are checked
Chambers of the Heart
Two upper chambers– atria (pl.)
Right atrium
Left atrium
Receive blood
Two lower chambers- ventricles
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Pump blood
Based on the functions of the atria vs. the
ventricles, how do you think their structures
differ?
Because ventricles pump blood and atria simply
receive it, ventricles must have THICK MUSCULAR
walls.
Heart Structure: Layers
Inner lining:
endocardium.
Wall of the heart:
myocardium
(cardiac muscle tissue)
Outer lining:
epicardium
Same as the visceral
pericardium
Legend: M - myocardium; E - endocardium;
En - endothelium; S - subendothelial layer
What layer lies outside of the myocardium?
What is another name for this layer?
Pericardium: Outer Sac surrounding the
heart, composed of two layers
Visceral pericardium (layer
closest to the heart, also
called the epicardium)
Parietal pericardium
(outermost layer)
Lubrication b/w layers
reduces friction