Transcript Document

The region between the two pleural cavities
that contains the heart and great vessels is
called the ______.
a. mediastinum
b. visceral pericardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. pericardial cavity
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Which layer of pericardium touches the heart?
a. parietal pericardium
b. pericardial sac
c. fibrous pericardium
d. visceral pericardium
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Which of the following is true of cardiac
muscle tissue?
a. Cardiac muscle cells are larger than
skeletal muscle cells.
b. Cardiac muscle is not striated.
c. Cardiac muscle cells have intercalated
discs.
d. Cardiac muscle cells are multinucleate.
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Why is the left ventricle more muscular than
the right ventricle?
a. It pumps a larger volume of blood.
b. It contracts with force sufficient to push
blood through the systemic circuit.
c. The papillary muscles are stronger.
d. Both A and B are correct.
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Where is the ANS headquarters for
cardiovascular control?
a. cardiac plexus
b. SA and AV nodes
c. medulla oblongata
d. cervical and upper thoracic ganglia
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What is the importance of the 100-msec
delay at the AV node?
a. Atria must contract to fill the ventricles
with blood.
b. AV valves must have time to close slowly.
c. Semilunar valves must have time to close
slowly.
d. Tachycardia results if the delay is absent.
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Why is resting HR somewhat slower than the
80–100 bpm set by the SA node?
a. The AV node slows the heart to an
average between its own rate and that of
the SA node.
b. Parasympathetic effects dominate in a
resting individual.
c. Sympathetic fibers release NE to slow
heart rate.
d. Both A and B are correct.
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How is cardiac output (CO) calculated?
a. CO mL/min = (EDV – ESV) × HR
b. CO mL/min = HR bpm × SV mL/beat
c. CO mL/min = ESV/EDV
d. both A and B
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During ventricular systole of the cardiac
cycle, all of the following would occur
EXCEPT _____.
a. rising ventricular blood pressure would
exceed aortic pressure
b. all heart valves would be closed
c. atrial diastole would occur as both the atria
fill
d. pressure in ventricles would force the
semilunar valves closed
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When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles
contain their maximal amount of blood? What
is this quantity called?
a. at the end of ventricular systole; ESV
b. at the end of atrial systole; EDV
c. at the end of ventricular diastole; EDV
d. both B and C
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On an ECG reading, what does the P wave
indicate?
a. ventricular contraction
b. an abnormal heart condition
c. atrial depolarization
d. atrial diastole
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What event is taking place during the Q–T
interval?
a. a single cycle of the cardiac cycle
b. an action potential
c. a single cycle of atrial depolarization and
repolarization
d. a single cycle of ventricular depolarization
and repolarization
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What factor could cause an increase in the
size of the QRS complex of an
electrocardiogram recording?
a. an increase in heart rate
b. a decrease in blood volume
c. a decrease in blood pressure
d. an increase in heart size
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What condition contributes to a reduction in
the size of the T wave?
a. long-term high fat intake
b. damage to the conduction pathway
c. damage to the AV node
d. coronary ischemia
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Why is there no wave corresponding to atrial
repolarization on an ECG reading?
a. It is masked by the QRS complex.
b. Atrial repolarization produces no electrical
effect at all.
c. It is masked by the P wave.
d. None of the above is correct.
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Which of the following affect(s) the rate of
venous return?
a. cardiac output
b. stroke volume
c. heart rate
d. all of the above
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How is eversion of the AV valves and
backflow of blood into the atria prevented?
a. pressure of blood pushing against the
valves
b. contraction of the ventricles
c. closure of the semilunar valves
d. tightening of chordae tendineae and
contraction of papillary muscles
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Doris was born with a malformed pulmonary
valve. How will that affect her circulation?
a. Blood will flow more efficiently into her
pulmonary trunk.
b. Blood will regurgitate into her right atrium.
c. Blood will flow back into her right
ventricle.
d. Deoxygenated blood will continuously
pass around her systemic circuit.
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Grandpa has developed a radiating pain in
his chest upon raking leaves. Which
medication might be given to offer prompt
relief?
a. propranolol, which is a beta 2 blocking
medication
b. nitroglycerin, which is a vasodilator of
coronary vessels
c. a fibrinolytic agent to decrease
hemostasis
d. none of the above
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How does damage to the cardioinhibitory
center of the medulla affect heart rate? Why?
a. Heart rate increases; sympathetic
dominance.
b. Heart rate decreases; parasympathetic
dominance.
c. Heart rate remains unchanged;
autonomic tone makes delicate
adjustments.
d. Heart rate increases; only the SA node
will be controlling heart rate.
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Which blood vessels bring blood back into the
right atrium?
a. foramen ovale, pulmonary trunk, and
ductus arteriosus
b. superior and inferior venae cavae
c. superior and inferior venae cavae and
coronary sinus
d. aorta, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary
veins
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What is the effect of NE binding to adrenergic
receptors?
a. increases vasoconstriction
b. decreases heart rate
c. increases heart rate
d. both A and C
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Benjamin has an EDV of 120 mL and an ESV
of 45 mL, which gives him an SV of 75 mL.
What is his ejection fraction?
a. 45%
b. 75%
c. 37.5%
d. 60%
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Frank has just run a marathon and his heart is
beating extremely rapidly. What happens to the
length of diastole and filling time?
a. Both increase.
b. Both decrease.
c. Length of diastole increases and filling
time decreases.
d. Length of diastole decreases and
filling time increases.
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Why is ESV lower when you are actively
exercising?
a. SV decreases and filling time increases.
b. EDV is very low and ventricular muscle is
stretched very little.
c. EDV increases and ventricular muscle
produces more forceful contractions
ejecting more blood.
d. Parasympathetic stimulation
causes it.
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What is the most important factor in
considering cardiac function over time?
a. cardiac output
b. heart rate
c. stroke volume
d. end systolic volume
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