Transcript Overview of Music History

8th Grade Do Now: Sept. 14
Answer in your journal using sentences.
You might have to guess – that’s okay!
Where do you think music came from?
When do you think it was started? What
type (s) of music do you think were first
performed and notated?
Overview of
Music History
Middle Ages / Medieval
450 – 1450
Sacred Music
 Mostly vocal music until 1100
 After 1100, the church allowed instruments to be played.
 The organ was the most popular then.
 Most notated music was sacred


Why? The church had control over learning.
Most composers were anonymous because they were
taught that it was wrong to take credit and brag about
their works. They were taught that God would be
unhappy with them.
Middle Ages / Medieval
450 – 1450
 Secular music – non-religious
 Troubadours traveled the country, singing
their love songs.
 They used drums, bagpipes, harps, and
recorders.
 Why do you think they didn’t notate their
music?
Quick Question…
 What
makes Sacred music different from
Secular music?
 Which
was more likely to be notated?
Middle Ages / Medieval
 Gregorian
Chant: The earliest music of the
Middle Ages was sung slowly and without
rhythm or harmony. Everyone sang the
same thing.
 These tunes are also called Gregorian
Chant, which were named after Pope
Gregory I.
Middle Ages / Medieval
 Polyphony:
Later on other musical lines
were added, creating harmony. This is
also called polyphonic music.
 This is music for more than one voice and
it appeared during the later Medieval
period. This marked the beginning of
harmony.
 What
was the earliest music of the Middle
Ages?
 What
kind of music appeared later in the
Middle Ages? What did it have that made
it different?
Ballad
 Ballads
were sung outside of churches
and told stories.
 Topics included love, war, and heroes.
 Every other line rhymes within a verse–
ABAB
 Verse One:
Verse Two:




….. A
….. B
…. A
…. B
….C
….D
….C
….D
Medieval Listening Example
 “Graduale”
 By


– Anonymous
Include title, composer, and three musical
ideas using sentences in your journal. Don’t
forget your introduction and conclusion.
Just fyi – the gradual is a responsorial chant
and is the only type, other than the Alleluia,
that is sung without an any action, such as a
processional. It comes in between readings.
“Graduale”
 “Graduale”
is a peaceful song. It was a
Gregorian Chant. It doesn’t have any
instruments playing with it. This song is
religious. The color of this song is orange,
because it is mellow.
Creating Music:
Compose your own Ballad!
Creating Music
 At
a keyboard, create a short song, around
30 seconds.
 Notate the song as they might have during
the Medieval Period.
 Remember, they did not use rhythms and
staff notation like we do today.
 They also did not have a piano then.
May 3 Do Now

Answer these questions in your journals. Try to
do this without using your notes if you can.
1. In the Medieval Period, where did you go to
learn?
2. What was a popular church instrument near the
end of this period?
3. Who traveled singing love songs?
4. What type of songs are slow, without rhythm or
harmony?
Jan. 13 Do Now

1.
2.
3.
Answer these questions in your journals.
Try to do this without using your notes if
you can.
What is the form / rhyme scheme of a
ballad?
What does anonymous mean?
What was the topic of your ballad?
8th Grade Do Now, Sept. 15
 Take
out you Ballad from yesterday and
quietly practice it. I will come around and
listen to you.
 When I have listened to you, take one of
the Renaissance papers on your table and
work on it.
Name___________________________________________________ Period ________
Essential Question of the Lesson: What are the characteristics of music from the Renaissance time period?
Directions: Determine whether each statement is true or false and mark your answer in the column marked Before.
Before After
_____ _____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
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1. During the Renaissance, the middle and upper class hired
tutors to educate their children.
2. Polyphonic music is when everyone performs the same
melody and rhythms at the same time.
3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
at the same time in chords.
4. A madrigal is a non-religious (secular) song that people
sing and is often a love song.
5. A motet is a non-religious song that people sing.
6. A mass is a religious (sacred) song that people sing.
7. The lute is a popular instrument during the Renaissance.
8. Instrumental music was mostly for singing and dancing
during the Renaissance.
9. Palestrina was the worst composer from the Renaissance.
Renaissance
 Renaissance
means “rebirth”- in this case,
it was a rebirth of Greek and Roman
culture.
 It lasted from 1450-1600.
 The middle and upper classes hired
people to educate their children.
 The printing press was invented and
popularized the music of great composers.
Renaissance Music
Renaissance music is polyphonic –
two or more voices being heard with
different rhythms.
 Near the end of the Renaissance, chordal
music appeared. The voices moved
together in chords.
 Most
Here are some questions
 What
does Renaissance mean?
 What
was invented that popularized the
music of great composers?
 What
does it mean for music to be
polyphonic in the Renaissance time
period?
Vocal A Capella Music

Madrigals - These song forms were performed in
groups of four, five, or six singers. A madrigal is
secular music and were usually love songs.
 Motets - a polyphonic work with four or five voice
parts singing one religious Latin text.
 Mass - follows the religious service of the
Catholic Church and is sung in a very specific
order: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus,
Benedictus, and Agnus Dei. It is performed in
Latin.
Instrumental Music
 There
was a growth in instrumental music,
especially the lute and keyboard. The
most popular instrument of the
Renaissance was the lute.
 Most instrumental music was written for
singing and dancing.
Let’s answer these.
 What
were the three kinds of a capella
music? Which one follows the religious
service of the Catholic Church?
 What
was the most popular instrument in
the Renaissance time period?
Palestrina’s music
shows pitch and
rhythm.
 He was Italian and
wrote mostly religious
works.
 He is considered one
of the great masters
of Renaissance
music.
 He wrote motets,
madrigals, and
masses.

Renaissance Listening Example
 “Kyrie”
 By
Palestrina
 P. 174 in 8th grade text
Let’s Create Some Music!
 Creating
a group composition in the
Renaissance Polyphonic style.



Each table will be a group. The bigger tables
may split up into two and three if they would
like.
Each person in the group will compose two
measures of rhythms in four.
Practice it quietly all together and then we will
perform them for the class.
8th Grade Do Now, May 5

Answer these questions in your journals. Use
sentences! Try to do this without using your
notes if you can. Then, finish the true/false paper
in the “After” column from yesterday.
1. What does Renaissance mean?
2. When two or more voices are singing different
rhythms, what is that called? Kyrie was an
example of this.
3. Out of madrigals, motets, and masses, which is
NOT religious?
4. What two things was instrumental music used
for in the Renaissance?
5. Who was a great Renaissance composer?
8th Grade Do Now, Sept. 16
 If
I did not hear your Ballad yesterday I will
come around to hear you perform it.
 Quietly finish your group polyphony
projects from yesterday.
 When I have heard your group, get out the
Renaissance True or False half sheet from
yesterday. Fill in the column that says
“After”. Try not to use your notes.
Baroque Activitation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTVraV
gzC9U
 Organ – Bach
Name___________________________________________________ Period ________
Essential Question of the Lesson: What are the characteristics of music from the Renaissance time period?
Directions: Determine whether each statement is true or false and mark your answer in the column marked Before.
Before After
_____ _____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
1. During the Renaissance, the middle and upper class hired
tutors to educate their children.
2. Polyphonic music is when everyone performs the same
melody and rhythms at the same time.
3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
at the same time in chords.
4. A madrigal is a non-religious (secular) song that people
sing and is often a love song.
5. A motet is a non-religious song that people sing.
6. A mass is a religious (sacred) song that people sing.
7. The lute is a popular instrument during the Renaissance.
8. Instrumental music was mostly for singing and dancing
during the Renaissance.
9. Palestrina was the worst composer from the Renaissance.
Baroque
 1600-1750
 Baroque
refers to highly decorated music
and art.
 Unity – repeating rhythms and melodic
patterns
 Sudden dynamic and tempo changes
 Music was ornamented and improvised.
Baroque Music
 Orchestras
begin to form
 Opera develops
 Was written for and heard only by kings
and nobility and the Church
 Venice, Italy was the center of Baroque
music
 Harpsichord was more popular than the
piano.
Some Questions
 What
two things could drastically change
in music from the Baroque period?
 What
musical group began to form?
 Where
was the center of Baroque music?
Fugue
 The
subject is stated by the first voice.
 The other voices then enter imitating the
same subject, one at a time.
 The voices alternate subject and answer.
What about this?
 What
form of music had a theme or
subject that was repeated by different
voices at different times?
 How
is this different from a round?
Baroque Listening Example
“Fugue in G Minor”
By J. S. Bach
Create Some Music!
 Create
a fugue with a partner, there can
be three people.



Start out with the same phrase, starting one
after the other finishes.
There must be other phrases that are not the
same between the two, or three voices.
All of the parts must end at the same time.
May 5 Do Now

Answer these questions in your journals. Try to
do this without using your notes if you can. Use
sentences!
1. In the Baroque period, there were extreme
changes in what two musical elements?
2. What musical group began to form during the
Baroque period?
3. What type of vocal music was being
developed during this period?
4. What was the popular keyboard instrument
during the Baroque period?
May 6 Do Now
Complete the orange vocabulary half-sheet
that is on your tables. You may not use
your notes. You may not ask any one for
the answers.
May 7 Do Now
Pick two time periods that we have done so
far. Compare and contrast them. You
may use your notes. Make sure you have
at least 2 ways they are similar and 2
ways that they are different. Use
sentences!!!!!!!!!!
8th Grade Do Now, Sept. 19
 Please
get rid of gum or candy.
 Answer in your notebooks using
sentences.


What are at least two differences between a
round and a fugue?
Describe the subject of a fugue.
8th Grade Do Now, Sept. 19
 Get
out your Fugue outline, and grading
rubric from last class. Begin working with
your table.
 There will be a short review of the Fugue
to refresh everyone’s memories.
 Make sure that everyone’s name is on
your grading rubric when I come around to
listen to your work.
8th Grade Do Now, Sept. 20
Pick two time periods that we have done so
far. Compare and contrast them. You
may use your notes. Make sure you have
at least 2 ways they are similar and 2
ways that they are different. Use complete
sentences!!!!!
Classical Activation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKhH2
hRa-WQ
 Mozart Clip
Classical Period
 The
Classical period began around 1750
and lasted until 1830.
 This was when Benjamin Franklin was
discovering electricity.
 This was also when the United States was
being founded.
Music of the Classical Period
 Music
was simpler to play than Baroque
music.
 Music was written for everyone.
 Common people began attending
concerts.
 Emotions were controlled in the music.
 There were not extremes in tempo,
dynamics, etc. like in the Baroque period.
Some Questions
 Was
the music simpler or more complex in
the Classical time period than the music in
the Baroque time period?
 What
were the emotions in the music like?
Classical Music
A
symphony usually has 3 or 4
movements and uses the entire orchestra.
 Orchestras were small, around 40 people,
at the beginning of this period. They grew
larger near the end.
 Rondo form, ABACA, was commonly
used. It alternates between one main
themes and contrasting themes.
Can you answer this?
 How
many movements did symphonies
normally have?
 Did
the orchestras grow in size or shrink
towards the end of the time period?
 What
form was commonly used in the
Classical time period?
Classical Listening Example
 “Rondo
alla turka”
 By Mozart
Creating Music!
 In
groups of four or five, you will be
composing a piece in the Rondo Form.
(ABACA)



Use the handout to help you write your
rhythms. Each section should be two
measures long. (Write in the counts)
The time signature must stay the same
throughout the piece.
Each person will only clap one section. (For
the smaller groups, figure out who will clap
two sections.)
8th Grade, Sept. 21
 Quickly
and quietly get out your Rondo
outline from last class. Sit with your group
where you sat yesterday.
 Finish it and quietly practice it. I will come
around and hear you perform it.
8th Grade Do Now, Sept. 21

Answer these questions in your journals. Try to
do this without using your notes if you can. Use
sentences!
1. In the Classical period, music was for whom?
2. In Classical music, were there large contrasts in
tempo and dynamics?
3. What has a few movements and is for an entire
orchestra?
4. What is the type of song with a form that is
ABACA?
Romantic Activation
 Fantasia/Fantasia
2000 Clip – Sorcerer’s
Apprentice
 Think – Pair – Share – what do you think
are characteristics of Romantic period
music?
Romantic Period
 The
Romantic period began around 1830
and ended around 1900.
 Yes, there was some overlap between the
classical period and romantic period.
 In fact, Beethoven bridged the two periods
during his lifetime.
Romantic Music





Program music tells a story or describes
something.
Music is filled with passion and drama.
Composers used music to overwhelm listeners
with emotion, writing sad, sweeping pieces
about love and heartbreak and magical fantasies
about goblins, witches, and swans.
The orchestra is arranged as we know it and
was led by a conductor with a baton.
The most popular instrument was the piano.
Can you answer these?
 Who
bridged the Classical and Romantic
time periods?
 What
is program music?
 What
was the most popular instrument?
Romantic Listening Example
 “March,”
from The Nutcracker
 By Tchaikovsky
Creating Music!!!
 Program
music! Each student will work by
themselves.




Make up a character and write a short
paragraph about them.
Write a description of how the theme music
you are thinking of relates to your character.
Go to the piano and quickly play the theme by
ear.
You will be playing it for the class.
8th Grade Do Now, Sept. 22
 Answer
these questions in your journals.
Try to do this without using your notes if
you can.
1. Who bridged the gap between Classical
and Romantic music?
2. In the Romantic period, music is filled
with what and what?
3. What is program music?
Modern Activiation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ce4TCt
h0gGM&feature=PlayList&p=0C7DE39351
91D7D6&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&i
ndex=1
 John Cage Piano Sonata X for prepared
piano
Modern Period
1900 – Present
Neoclassical

Composer: Aaron Copland
 Uses techniques used in Baroque and
Classical periods
 Opposition to current musical trends
Serialism

Composer: Arnold Schoenberg
 Music has no tonal center
 Randomly uses all 12 notes of the scale in a
tone row
 Aleatoric: created by chance.
Answer these!
 What
type of music used techniques from
the Baroque and Classical time periods?
 What
type of music used all 12 notes of
the scale in a tone row?
Minimalism

Composer: Phillip Glass
 Uses small patterns to create
effects
 Extended Ostinati
 Drones in the background
Electronic
 Composer:
Karlheinz Stockhausen
 Uses tape loops
 Found sounds, recorded then modified
with computer.
 Synthesized sounds: original sounds are
artificially created.
What about this?
 What
 What
type of music used tape loops?
type of music used small patterns to
create effects?
Modern Review
A time of musical experimentation
Electronic music becomes a main focus
Atonality – Music without a tonal center
Broken into Currents




1.
2.
3.
4.
Neoclassical
Serialism
Minimalism
Electronic
Modern Listening Example
 “Gentleman’s
Honor”
 By Phillip Glass
Modern Music Categorize
Schoenberg’s Pierrot Lunaire, “Nacht”
Stravinsky’s Symphony in Three Movements
or Aaron Copland’s Appalachian Spring
Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jünglinge
(literally "Song of the Youths")
John Adam’s Shaker Loops
Creating Music!!!
 We
are going to experiment with
Serialism!
 Each student will create a tone row
melody using all 12 notes of the scale.


Remember to only use each note once. You
are organizing them in any order that you
want.
When you are finished you can play it for the
class on a keyboard.
May 12 Do Now

1.
2.
3.
4.
Answer these questions in your journals.
Try to do this without using your notes if
you can.
Define a tone row.
What repeats small patterns and uses
drones in the background?
Who is a composer of Minimalism
music?
List the types of modern music.
The End
 This
ends our journey through the
different time periods of music history.
 This does not include current musical
styles from across the world, including
popular music of our own country.
Music History Word Splash
 Using
as many words here as possible,
write a letter to the students in the next
rotation about what you learned about
music history.
Baroque
Sacred
Madrigal
Renaissance
Unison
Secular
Beethoven
Modern
Program music
Gregorian Chant
Tone Row
Fugue
Medieval
Minimalism
Romantic
Chordal
Polyphonic
Motet
Rondo
Classical
Mass
Serialism