Transcript Slide 1

Derby and District Organists’ Association
Exploring a
Pipe Organ
with CATO
Children and the Organ Project
The organ can make so many different types of sound, it can be used
in a wide variety of ways from joyful celebrations to sad occasions.
Here are some words describing organ sounds:
♪
Choose three words to describe the sort of music
you would expect to hear in CAROL SINGING.
Suggest your own words.
♪
Choose three words to describe the sort of music
you would expect to hear at a WEDDING.
Suggest your own words.
♪ Choose three words to describe the sort of music you
would expect to hear at a MEMORIAL SERVICE.
Suggest your own words.
♪
Choose three words to describe the sort of music
you would expect to hear at a CORONATION.
Suggest your own words.
An organ can make a
wide variety of
different sounds by
using the stops to
choose different ranks
of pipes.
The type of sound tone
made by a rank of
pipes depends mainly
upon the shape of the
pipes and the type of
material used in
making them.
Some pipes are made
of wood, others are
made of metal. For
metal pipes, the tone
is generally brighter
and louder than
wooden pipes.
♪
In the picture,
how many ranks
of pipes are made
of wood and how
many of metal?
Hint:
Most ranks of pipes
are arranged in two
rows.
♪
What types of
metal are used for
making organ
pipes?
Need help?
Click on Ollie.
Here are some other uses of metals that are used
for making organ pipes.
♪
Describe the
different shapes
of pipe in the
picture.
Factors which affect the tone of the sound produced by a pipe:
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Material used for making the pipe
Shape of the pipe
Pressure of air entering the pipe
Speed of the air-flow into the pipe
Wood
Lead
Tin
Zinc
The organ builder uses all of these factors to control the sound made
by a pipe. With different designs of pipes, you can make a great
variety of tones: soft, loud, bright, mellow and many more.
Here are the shapes of pipe you are most likely to find in an organ.
Wooden pipes are used to make sweet, softer sounds.
If the pipe is fat, it makes a mellow sound compared with a thinner
pipe which tends to be brighter.
The wooden pipes with a stopper in the end make a note
which is an octave lower than normal. This helps to save
space, since the pipes only need to be half the normal length.
Metal pipes tend to make louder sounds. The thinner they are
then the brighter they sound. The fatter pipes have a bolder tone.
Some pipes do not have a mouth for making the sound.
Instead they have a metal reed hidden inside the foot of the pipe.
As the air makes the reed to
vibrate, the pipe makes a very
strong sound which sometimes
can be very loud indeed.
♪
Try to match a pipe number to this description:
OPEN DIAPASON – Bold, rich tone.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
♪
Try to match a pipe number to this description:
VIOLA – String tone.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
♪
Try to match a pipe number to this description:
FLUTE – Sweet tone.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
♪
Try to match a pipe number to this description:
TRUMPET – Sharp loud tone.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Combining pipes to make new sounds
When two pipes are made to sound at the same
time, the sounds combine to produce a new tone.
It’s a bit like mixing colours to make new colours.
Just two pipes are enough to create new tones.
The player must select stops so that two or more
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ranks of pipes sound together.
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Combining pipes to make new sounds
There are several ways of combining stops:
1. Choose extra stops at the same pitch.
2. Choose extra stops that sound at a higher pitch.
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8 ft stops sound at normal pitch
4 ft stops sound an octave higher
2 ft stops sound two octaves higher
2 2/3 ft stops sound twelve notes higher.
Usually, you must have at least one 8 foot stop at
normal pitch. Then you can add a 4 foot or a 2 foot
or 22/3 foot stop or all of them.
Point at the stops to show what they do.
Combining pipes to make new sounds
♪
Work out how many combinations you
can make from the four stops shown.
Remember, for each combination, you
should use the 8 foot stop at normal pitch
to give a foundation.
Combining pipes to make new sounds
♪
What combination would you use for
accompanying lots of people singing a hymn?
What have you learned?
Organ tones have
lots of variety for
different moods
and occasions.
The tone of a pipe
is affected by its
material, shape
and the air flow.
Metal pipes make
a bright sound.
Wooden pipes
make a mellow
sound.
New sounds can be
created by combining
stops at the same or
different pitches.
Materials prepared by Laurence Rogers for the
Children and the Organ Project
Team:
Stephen Johns
James Muckle
Edmund Stow
Gillian Chatto
Laurence Rogers
John Forster
Chris Darrall
Sponsored by
Derby and District Organists’ Association
Derby and District Organists’ Association
Children and the Organ Project
The project aims to introduce young children to the fascinating
world of pipe organs through practical workshops and fun
activities. The building and playing of organs being such multidisciplinary activities, their study has numerous spin-offs for the
school curriculum.
For more information, visit our website:
www.derbyorganists.co.uk
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Copyright owner:Derby & District Organists’ Association
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