Transcript The same computer different jobs.

ITGS – Hardware Basic
What computers do 1
Computers perform only 4 functions:
• Receiving input
• Process information
• Produce output
• Store information
1
ITGS – Hardware Basic
What computers do
2
Hardware components specialized in
each of these 4 functions:
• Input devices
• Output devices
• A microprocessor, Processor, CPU
• Memory - Storage devices
2
Computer
The same computer different
jobs.
Outputs:
Inputs:
• Monitor
• Mouse
• Keyboard
System unit
•…..
• Printer
•…..
Restaurant, Home, Hotel, Military,
Space, Newspaper, Industry…
3
Computer
Black box
Outputs:
Inputs:
• Monitor
• Mouse
• Keyboard
System unit
• Printer
•…..
•…..
Input/output:
• Floppy
• Fax
• CD/DVD R/W
• USB (FLASH MEMORY, …)
•…..
4
ITGS – Hardware Basic
What computers do 3
Memory:
• Primary storage RAM
• Secondary storage
5
ITGS – Hardware Basic
Binary Number System 1
Number Systems:
Number v.s digit
• Decimal numbers
• Binary numbers.
• Conversion
6
ITGS – Hardware Basic
Binary Number System 2
• Bits as Codes (ASCII)
• Bits as Codes (number).
• Bits as Instruction (programming)
7
ITGS – Hardware Basic
ASCII v.s Unicode 1
Unique 8-bit code:
• 256 unique characters
Unicode
• A character set that uses 2 bytes
256*256=65636 = 64K distinct codes.
• Double byte character set called
UNICODE.
8
ITGS – Hardware Basic
CPU: The Real Computer 1
The circuit board that contains a
computer’s is called the motherboard.
Two factors are important to a causal
computer user:
• compatibility
• performance
9
ITGS – Hardware Basic
CPU: Compatibility
Not all software is compatible with every
CPU; software written for one processor
will usually not work with another.
Backward compatible – new one can run
most software written for those older
CPUs, but software written for the
PowerPC family (Macintosh computes)
won’t run on the Intel processors.
10
ITGS – Hardware Basic
CPU: Performance 2
• Internal clock (gigahertz GHz).
• The number of bits a CPU can process
at one time – typically 32 or 64 – is
sometimes called the CPU’s word size
(some embedded and special-purpose
computers still use 8- and 16-bit
processors).
11
ITGS – Hardware Basic
CPU: Performance 2
• More than 1 processor in computer.
• Some of the largest servers have
include up to 64 or 128 processors
12
ITGS – Hardware Basic
CPU: Performance 3
• High-end server systems is simply to
add more machines to the mix; resource
of multiple servers can be grouped
together in a cluster. Google uses a
cluster of more than 10 000 PCs to
handle 200 millions search queries a day
(if one machine shut down other servers
can do that job).
13
ITGS – Hardware Basic
CPU 1
CPU (Central processing unit, processor,
microprocessor).
CPU = ALU + CU + Interface + prefetch
unit + bus/wires + RAM
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit
CU Control unit
14
ITGS – Hardware Basic
MEMORY 1
CPU can run one instruction and a few
pieces of data at a time. The computer
needs a place to store the rest of the
program and data.
RAM (Random access memory).
• Primary storage
• Computer memory
• Store programs and data temporarily.
15
ITGS – Hardware Basic
MEMORY 2
ROM (Read only memory)
• ROM can find in to store start-up
instructions and other critical
information.
• inside embedded processors (pocket
calculators,…)
SIMM (Single in-line memory modules)
DIMM (Dual in-line memory modules)
16
ITGS – Hardware Basic
MEMORY TURN ON SYSTEM 1
ROM (Read only memory)
BIOS (basic input/output system)
ROM:
CPU
• BIOS
Hard disk:
• Data
• Instructions
(OS)
RAM
17
ITGS – Hardware Basic
BUSES, PORTS and PERIPHERALS 1
Bus
Port
Peripheral
18
ITGS - introduction
Who owns information?
Social & Ethical issues
The difficulty about persons who
owns information about you.
 each group example.
 each student one example
19
ITGS - introduction
High-tech crime?
Social & Ethical issues
The difficulty about protecting Hightech crime.
 each group example.
 each student one example
20
ITGS - introduction
Intellectual Property
Social & Ethical issues
The difficulty of defining and
protecting intellectual property in an
all-digital age
 Education CD by my group.
 each student one example
21
ITGS - introduction
Failure of computer systems
Social & Ethical issues
The risk of failure of computer
systems
 communication problem.
 billing errors
 lost data
22
ITGS - introduction
The abuse of information
Social & Ethical issues
The abuse of information as a tool of
political and economic power
 information-rich people and
countries v.s information-poor.
23
ITGS - introduction
Windows: Jumbled the Words
Put them in the correct order :
Start application
 Programs
 Application
 Start button
24
Sources
Computer confluence
25