Transcript Mainframe - Znanje.org

ITGS - 01
Computer: in human life
Computer in human life (don’t) know:
• Work network.
• Leisure.
• etc students
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ITGS - 01
Computer: in human life
Computer in human life (don’t) know:
• Alarm clock digital wrist clock;
• TV and radio;
• CD/DVD & MP3 player;
• Telephone;
• Heating home.
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ITGS - 01
Computer: in human life
I think that today could apsolutely be THE WORST DAY OF MY LIFE. Get this, last
night i set my alarm clock to 6 45 am. I remember triple checking my alarm clock to
make sure i wouldn't be late once again for school, just like i was late almost every
single other day this week. When my mom walked into my room at 9 45 with a pan in
her hand, threatening to beat me up if i didn't wake up right away, i jumped up and
started yelling. I checked my alarm clock to check what the problem was, and it turned
out that i set it to 6 45 pm. After screaming some more, i got dressed and begged my
dad to drive me to school. When i got to school i realized that i had about half a ton of
toothpaste tangled in my very frizzy and curly hair. And thanks to the rush i was in, i
realized that i came to school in my bunny slippers that i walk around in the house
with.
So, i got to school right on time for my lesson. I had a lot of work waiting for me, first i
had finish designing the web page for our school, then i had to write an essay. To
make my day even better, the minute i got in the computer lab i realized that EVERY
SINGLE computer had a virus, and wasn't working. I started screaming some more.
Tijana Petrovic and Milana Marinkovic
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ITGS - 01
Computer: in human life
Wake up: Alarm clock, mobile phone, radio, telephone
Morning news and temperature: TV, radio
Traffic jam: TV, radio, mobile phone
Cold morning: heating
Transport: computer in a car
Traffic jam: traffic lights
Parking place: company garage door
Entrance to the company building: key card
45th floor: lift
Office: key card
Job: computer, mobile phone, printer, clock, telephone
Ground floor: lift
Transport: computer in a car
Lunch: telephone, credit cards
Resting: music, TV, DVD,CD player
Bowling: computer for rising pins
Paying the bill: credit cards
Playing games at home, Internet: PC
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Authors: Srđan Vujasin,Andrea Vudrag
ITGS - 01
Computer: in human life
Computer in human life (don’t) know:
• Newspaper;
• Weather forecast;
• Heating town;
• Transport;
• Hotel
• Restaurant
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ITGS - 01
Computer: before
Charles Babbage
Jacquard’s automated loom
Augusta Ada King, Countess of
Lovelance, the dautgher of poet Lord
Byron (first computer programmer)
Unfinished Analytic Engine
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Computer
Black box
Outputs:
Inputs:
• Monitor
• Mouse
• Keyboard
System unit
• Printer
•…..
•…..
Input/output:
• Floppy
• Fax
• CD/DVD R/W
• USB (FLASH MEMORY, …)
•…..
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Computer
The same computer different
jobs.
Outputs:
Inputs:
• Monitor
• Mouse
• Keyboard
System unit
•…..
• Printer
•…..
Restaurant, Home, Hotel, Military,
Space, Newspaper, Industry…
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Computer
The same computer different jobs.
• Hardware the same
• Software different (system, application, user)
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Computer
The same computer different jobs.
• General-Purpose Computer
• Special-Purpose Computer
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Computer technology
Electrical devices used in computers:
• Electromechanical relay
• Vacuum tube
• Transistor;
• Integrated circuit (IC)
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Computer technology
The first computers, tube based, were: big,
expensive, need staff, big place, …
New technology (silicon)
The transistor, invented in 1948.
The first used in computer 1956.
Computers with transistors were smaller, chipper,
faster, reliable
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Computer technology
Mark I 1944.
• Electromechanical relay
• Six times faster than a person
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer) two months after the end of war.
• 18,000 vacuum tubes
UNIVAC
• first general purpose commercial computer
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Computer technology
1956 – transistors were used in computers
mid 1960s new integrated circuits were used in
computers
The first microprocessor was invented in 1971.
Silicon chip
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Computer quality
Reliability (new devices can be test before
Size (new devices means smaller computer)
Speed (shorter distance, faster computer)
Efficiency (smaller devices, loss electrical power)
Cost (mass production chipper computer)
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Gordon Moore
Gordon Moore the chairman of chipmaker
Intel 1965
Prediction:
The power of a silicon chip of the same price would
double about every 18 months
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Intel vs Motorola
IBM PC:
which microprocessor
• Motorola
• Intel
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ITGS - 01
Computer: Server, Workstation & PC
Server
• Work & resources for other computer
over a network.
• Application for multiply users.
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ITGS - 01
Computer: Mainframe & Supercomputer
Mainframe
• Mainframe computer – room-sized
computer.
• today: (banks, airlines)
• as refrigerator,
• a million $
• in a climate-controlled rooms
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ITGS - 01
Computer: Mainframe & Supercomputer
Mainframe
• Terminal = keyboard + screen + little
local processing power
• Terminal transfers information to ad
from the computer.
• Distance between M & T (same or
another room or another country)
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ITGS - 01
Computer: Mainframe & Supercomputer
Mainframe
• Terminal = keyboard + screen + little
local processing power
• Terminal transfers information to ad
from the computer.
• Distance between M & T (same or
another room or another country)
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ITGS - 01
Computer: Mainframe & Supercomputer
Mainframe
• Timesharing = small part of time for
each user
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ITGS - 01
Computer: Mainframe & Supercomputer
Mainframe
• weather forecasting
• medical pictures
• telephone network design
• simulations (car crash, scientist,
engineer,...)
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ITGS - 01
Computer: Mainframe & Supercomputer
Mainframe (used)
• weather forecasting
• medical pictures
• telephone network design
• simulations (car crash, scientist,
engineer,...)
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ITGS - 01
Computer: Mainframe & Supercomputer
Supercomputer
superfast, superpowerful computers are
called supercomputers.
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ITGS – 01
Computer: Server, Workstation & PC
Workstation
• Computer power
• Interactive application
• Scientific workstations
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ITGS - introduction
Computer: Server, Workstation & PC
PC: two meanings:
• Personal computer – PC (IBM)
• Personal computer – General-purpose
single-user computer
PC – made by or compatible with IBM’s
product.
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ITGS - introduction
Computer: Portable 1
Personal computer vs. desktop computer
Portable computer – laptop computer
Notebook computer (sometimes called laptop
computer)
Laptop computer (computer on your lap while
you work)
Subnotebook (extralight, ultramobile)
Expansion bay (one device can be inserted at
a time.)
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ITGS - introduction
Computer: Portable 2
Laptop vs. desktop computer
Docking station or port replicator
(connect laptop to an external monitor,
keyboard, mouse and disk drive).
Handheld computers
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).
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ITGS - introduction
The Emergence of Net computer
Embedded computer
and computer (digital satellite receiver,
wristwatch, toy, game machines, stereo,
oven, air condition, digital video
recorders DVR, car.
Programs of special purpose computers
are part of computer and can’t be
altered.
Firmware- a hybrid of hardware and
software.
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ITGS - introduction
The Emergence of Networks
The invention of timesharing (1960s)
allowed connection:
• a mainframe computer
• and individual terminals.
PC replaced terminal
Local area network (LAN).
Wide area network (WAN).
MAN
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ITGS - introduction
The Emergence of Networks 2
Computers in network share:
• storage,
• printers
• processing power.
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ITGS - introduction
The Emergence of Networks 3
Electronic mail (E-mail).
World Wide Web (WWW)
• Web browser (navigable window)
• Hypertext links
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ITGS - introduction
Applications: computers in Action 1
• Word processing and desktop
publishing
• Spreadsheets and other numbercrunching applications
• Databases
• Computer graphics and digital photos
• Digital audio, digital video, and
multimedia
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ITGS - introduction
Applications: Computers in Action 2
• Telecommunication and networking
• Artificial intelligence
• Entertainment
• General problem solving
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ITGS – Hardware Basic
What computers do 1
Computers perform only 4 functions:
• Receiving input
• Process information
• Produce output
• Store information
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ITGS – Hardware Basic
What computers do
2
Hardware components specialized in
each of these 4 functions:
• Input devices
• Output devices
• A microprocessor, Processor, CPU
• Memory - Storage devices
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ITGS – Hardware Basic
What computers do 3
Memory:
• Primary storage RAM
• Secondary storage
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ITGS – Hardware Basic
Binary Number System 1
Number Systems:
Number v.s digit
• Decimal numbers
• Binary numbers.
• Conversion
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ITGS – Hardware Basic
Binary Number System 2
• Bits as Codes (ASCII)
• Bits as Codes (number).
• Bits as Instruction (programming)
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ITGS – Hardware Basic
ASCII v.s Unicode 1
Unique 8-bit code:
• 256 unique characters
Unicode
• A character set that uses 2 bytes
256*256=65636 = 64K distinct codes.
• Double byte character set called
UNICODE.
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ITGS - introduction
Who owns information?
Social & Ethical issues
The difficulty about persons who
owns information about you.
 each group example.
 each student one example
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ITGS - introduction
High-tech crime?
Social & Ethical issues
The difficulty about protecting Hightech crime.
 each group example.
 each student one example
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ITGS - introduction
Intellectual Property
Social & Ethical issues
The difficulty of defining and
protecting intellectual property in an
all-digital age
 Education CD by my group.
 each student one example
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ITGS - introduction
Failure of computer systems
Social & Ethical issues
The risk of failure of computer
systems
 communication problem.
 billing errors
 lost data
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ITGS - introduction
The abuse of information
Social & Ethical issues
The abuse of information as a tool of
political and economic power
 information-rich people and
countries v.s information-poor.
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ITGS - introduction
Windows: Jumbled the Words
Put them in the correct order :
Start application
 Programs
 Application
 Start button
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Sources
Computer confluence
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