Transcript SPI 0807.9.9

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Table 
TOPeriodic
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
Periodic table
 A chart of all known chemical elements
 Shows all the different types of atoms
Purpose
 To quickly locate a wide variety of information on a
particular element
How is it organized
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


Organized into rows called periods
Organized into columns called groups
Arranged in numerical order by the atomic number
Also arranged other ways (metals, nonmetals, metalloids, etc)
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Notes
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SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
We use a chart to organize elements called…
The Periodic Table
118
Uuo
Ununoctium
 Currently scientists believe there are only 98 naturally occurring
elements in the universe (Reference link: Chemistry Website
We have also created 20 man-made elements for a total of 118
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Notes
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
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Periods: The rows are called periods, and there are seven of them
Per 1
Per 2
Per 3
Per 4
Per 5
Per 6
Per 7
From period 6
From period 7
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Periods
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
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•The period number tells you the number of electrons shells
•Elements in a period have the same number of electron shells
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Notes
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
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The period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom has
Example: Every element in period 2 has 2 electron shells
Per 1
Per 2
Period 2 (Each element here has 2 electron shells)
Per 3
Per 4
Per 5
Per 6
Per 7
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Notes
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SPI 0807.9.9 (Per Table)
Period Number and Electron Shells
 Below is a model of one boron (Br) atom (atomic number-5)
 Notice that it has two electron shells
1st Shell
2nd Shell
Legend
x5
x6
Since it has two shells, it is located in
=protons
the second period of the periodic table
=neutrons
=electrons
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Notes
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
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Again…the period numbers reveals how many electron shells an
atom has
Example: Every element in period 3 has 3 electron shells
Per 1
Per 2
Per 3
Period 3 (Each element here has 3 electron shells)
Per 4
Per 5
Per 6
Per 7
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Period Number and Electron Shells
 Below is a model of one sodium (Na) atom (atomic number-11)
 Notice that it has three electron shells
1st Shell
2nd Shell
3rd Shell
x 11
x 12
Legend
Since it has three shells, it is located in
=protons
the third
period of the periodic table
=neutrons
=electrons
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SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
Notes
Groups: the columns are called groups
There are 18 groups
1
18
2
13
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
14
15
16
17
12
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SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
Notes
The group number (in some cases) can reveal how many electrons
are in the outer most shells. These are called the valence electrons
Example: Every element in group 1 has only 1 valence electron
1
18
2
13
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
14
15
16
17
12
10
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SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
The group number can reveal the number of valence electrons
Note: However this only works for groups 1 to 2… (see below)
…and groups 13 to 18 (see below)
1
18
2
13
14
15
16
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This "trick" does not
work with groups 3 to 12
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For groups 1 to 2:
The group number equals the number of valence electrons
Example: Every element in group two has two valence electrons
For groups 13 to 18:
Subtract 10 from the group number to determine the valence electrons
Example: Every element in group 13 has 3 valence electrons (13-10=3)
1
18
2
13
14
15
16
17
This "trick" does not
work with groups 3 to 12
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Notes
SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table
Groups/Families
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Again, columns are called groups Groups are also called families
Group 1 is called the alkali metal family (see below)
Group 1=Alkali Metals
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SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table
Groups/Families
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Group 2 is called the alkali-earth metal family (see below)
Group 2=Alkali-Earth Metals
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SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table
Groups/Families
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Groups 3 to 12 are called the transition metals family (see below)
Groups 3 to 12=Transition Metals
Transition Metals
Transition Metals (Lanthanides)
Transition Metals (Actinides)
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Notes
SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table
Groups/Families
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Group 17 is called the halogen family (see below)
Group 17=Halogens
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SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table
Groups/Families
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Group 18 is called the noble gas family (see below)
Group 18=Noble Gases
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