Transcript 11 MB

Management, Conservation and Research
of the Wolf in Slovakia
Slavomír Finďo
National Forest Centre – Forest Research Institute Zvolen
Carpathain Wildife Society
Michaela Skuban
Carpathian Wildlife Society
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Main threats to wolf population in Slovakia
• Hunting
• Impact of road infrastructure
• Lack of knowledge, public awarness and research on
wolves
• Gap in communication and cooperation among parties
involved in the wolf management
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Wolves hunted in 1991-1995 and distribution in 2004
Protected
corridor
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Protected
corridor
Legend
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
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Partial
protection
N 1400
Total
protection
1200
1000
800
Partial
protection
600
400
Numbers
Hunted wolves
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
1968
200
Numbers of hunted wolves in Slovakia in 1968-2006
N 180
160
140
120
100
80
1975
60
40
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
1968
20
Hunted wolves in 2006 (N=91). Yellow circles show location of
hunting grounds with shot wolves. Numerals indicate more than
one killed wolf within the hunting ground
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Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
3
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42
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Estimated wolf population size by hunters/wildlife experts
and the number of hunted wolves in the district of Rožňava
(82 798 ha) in 1982-2002.
N 120
100
80
60
40
Hunters estimate
Wildlife experts estimate
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Hunted wolves
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
20
Percent of fall and early winter population killed. Removal
of about 40 % of individuals or more resulted in population
decline and consequently to a smaller chance to hunt
wolves.
% 70
60
50
40
30
20
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
10
Overview of Research Activities
Feeding ecology of wolf: scat analysis (n=356), 12 mountain
ranges, 1992-1999
21%
5%
1%
1% 2% 1%
69%
Diviak
Ostatné
Hlodavce
Neurčené
Rastliny
Jeleňovité
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Ovca
The influence of wolf predation on distribution of swine fever
disease (Pestis suum europaea) among wild boars
1994
1997
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Spatiotemporal behaviour of wolf and its main prey red deer
Pack
Pack
size
Sex
Tatry
Bialka
7
Nízke
Tatry
Struhár
5
Study
site
Age
Weight
Kg
Number of
locations
♂
Adult
37
180
♀
Adult
40
319
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Wolf home range shape & size
Sex
&
Pack
♂ Bialka
♀ Struhár
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
HR size ha
MCP 100 %
Kernel 50 %
14 600
2 100
19 100
2 800
Red deer telemetry study
Nízke Tatry & Poľana (120 000 hectares)
21 animals tagged (13 ♂♂ & 8 ♀♀)
HR size (MCP = 100 %)
Migratory: 7 700 – 8 700 ha
Sedentary: 530 – 1320 ha
Nízke Tatry
Po¾
ana
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
HR Wolf – Red deer in the Nízke Tatry Mts
Vllèica
Jelenica è. 100
Jeleò è. 14
Jeleò è. 15
Jeleò è. 19
Baba
Bukovec
Èierny diel
Fatra Prašivá
Havranovo
Chabenec
Jasenie
¼upèianka
Richtárovo
Stracenô
5
0
5
10 Kilometers
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Identification of critical segments of the main road
transportation corridors with wildlife habitats
R5-1
D3-2
D3-1
R6-1
Žilina R3-2
D1-4
D1-6
D1-5
R3-2
#
R2-1 D1-3
D1-2
Trenčín
# R2-2
R2-3
Bratislava
#
#
Banská Bystrica
D1-8
Košice
R1-2
R2-4
Trnava
#
Prešov
#
D1-1
D2-1
R4-1
D1-7
Nitra
#
R1-1
R3-1
R7-2
R7-1
R2-9
R2-5
R2-6
R2-10 R2-11
D1-9
#
R2-7
R2-8
Number of species
POCET
1
2
3
Bear, wolf, lynx, wild cat, red deer,
4
5
wild boar, fallow deer and mouflon
6
7
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
8
Potential impact of the main road transportaion corridors on
wolf habitat
R5
D3
R6
R3
# Žilina
R4
D1
# Trenčín
R2
D1
Banská Bystrica
#
Košice
#
R2
D2
Trnava
#
Bratislava
#
Prešov
#
R3
N itra R1
#
R4
R2
R3
R7
D4
R7
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
D1
Livestock protection
• Gudelines for farmers
• Expert groups in charge of damage assesment imposed by
predators to livestock and other human properties are in
principle insufficiantely educated. → Incorrect damage
assesment results in hatred to predators, especially the wolf.
Conclusions:
• Any changes of legislation should be done carefully
in cooperation with hunters in order to prevent
contraproductive effects
• Introduce large-scale system of wildlife management
- Quota for hunting wolves. Proposed spring numbers
280 wolves. Less than 20 % of spring numbers should
be hunted.
- Prevent destruction of whole packs. Lonly individuals or
pairs can be more destructive to livestock than compact
pack.
- Ban drive hunts.
- Report shot wolves including filled form with a photo of
killed animal
Conclusions:
•
Improve system of livestock protection and damage
assessment
•
Insist on building passages and other mitigation for
animals during road netowrk construction, especially of
motorways and dual carriageways
• Include wolf and livestock protection issue into currently
prepared research acitivities
Publications
Finďo, S. – Hood, A. 2001: Interakcie veľkých šeliem a oviec na vybraných salašoch
stredného Slovenska. Folia venatoria 30-31, 199-206.
Finďo, S. 2002: Potravná ekológia vlka (Canis lupus) v Slovenských Karpatoch.
Výskum a ochrana cicavcov na Slovensku V. 45-55.
Finďo, S. 2002: Vrodené správanie a návyky pastierskch strážnych psov využívané pri
ochrane hospodárskch zvierat proti veľkým šelmám. Výskum a ochrana cicavcov na
Slovensku V. 147-153.
Finďo, S. 2002: Domovské okrsky, migrácie a denná aktivita jelenej zveri v horských
lesoch. Folia venatoria 32, 7-14.
Finďo, S. – Chovancová, B. 2004: Home ranges of two wolf packs in the Slovak
Carpathians. Folia Zool. 53(1), 17-26.
Finďo, S. 2005: Reducing sheep losses to large predators by use of livestock guarding
dogs. Beiträge zur Jagd-und Wildforschung, Bd. 30, 213-221.
Finďo, S. – Skuban, M. – Koreň, M. 2007: Brown bear corridors in Slovakia.
Identification of critical segments of the main road transportation corridors with wildlife
habitats. Carpathian Wildlife Society.