Transcript Orbits and Orbitals

Orbits and Orbitals
KLM
vs
spdf
KLM and spdf???
• KLM – old style lettering for the “shells” or
“orbits”. K is closest to the nucleus, L is
next, M (N,O,P etc)
• Now we know that KLM is “really” the
“Principle Quantum Number” 1,2,3 for the
energy levels
• spdf – refers to the shape of the “orbital” –
according to Pauli (the Pauli Exclusion Principle) no
orbital can have more than 2 e- in it. (one
spin up, one spin down)
Magic Numbers
2 – 8 – 8 – 18 -18
2 – 6 – 10 – 14 (1,3,5,7)
Aufbau principle
Bonding
• Covalent – equal sharing of electrons
• Polar Covalent
- unequal sharing of electrons
• Ionic
• -total stealing / giving of electrons
(it’s all about the electronegativity)
covalent
ionic
electronegativity
Disclaimer
Aloha
I put together these power points for use in
my science classes.
You may use them in your classes.
Some images are public domain, some
are used under the fair-use provisions of
the copyright law, some are mine.
Copyright is retained by the owners!
Ted Brattstrom