Transcript ea4d477b5b005e566087f05025c1e828

ION FORMATION
group “B” elements
Practice
1. Write the ion formed by these element.

a.
iodine I-1
b. potassium
c. sulfur
S-2
d. cobalt (II) Co+2
K+1
e. gallium Ga+3
f. chromium (III) Cr+3
ION FORMATION
group “B” elements
Writing Ions Practice
ION
Bromine
Rubidium
Barium
Sulfur
Tin (IV)
Iodine
Argon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Oxidation
Number
1
1
2
2
4
1
0
3
2
Cation
or Anion
Anion
Cation
Cation
Anion
Cation
Anion
Neither
Cation
Cation
ION
Strontium
Lead (II)
Antimony (V)
Phosphorus
Copper (I)
Selenium
Oxidation
Number
2
2
5
3
1
2
Cation
or Anion
Anion
Cation
Cation
Anion
Cation
Anion
Binary Compounds with
Polyatomic Ions

Covalently-bonded groups of atoms
that behave as a unit and carry a
charge
NO3-1
Covalent Bonds
NH3
Lewis Dot
H
H N
H
Covalent Bonds
NH3
Energy Level
H
H
N
H
Covalent Bonds
Ionic vs. Covalent Properties
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
type of elements
Nonmetals only
Metals and
Nonmetals
type of bonding
share electrons
transfer electrons
structure
not rigid – solid,
liquid or gas
crystalline
melting point
low
high
hardness
soft  hard
very hard
conduct
electricity?
no
yes (when dissolved in
water)
Covalent Bonds: Diatomic
Atoms
There are 7 elements that can form
covalent bonds between its atoms
Hydrogen
Atoms
H·
·H
Molecule
H:H
Covalent Bonds: Diatomic
Atoms
Nitrogen
Atoms
·
·
:N·
·N:
·
·
Molecule
:N:::N:
Forms a triple bond
Covalent Bonds: Diatomic
Atoms
··
··
O::O
··
··
··
··
:F:F:
··
··
··
··
:Cl : Cl :
··
··
··
··
: Br : Br:
··
··
·· ··
:I:I:
·· ··
OXYGEN
(Double bond
between
atoms)
FLOURINE
CHLORINE
BROMINE
IODINE
Determine ionic or
covalent bonds
N2O5
Covalent (nonmetals)
A liquid at toom temp
Covalent (liquid)
PbNO3
Ionic (Metal with
nonmetal)
Determine ionic or
covalent bonds
A salt that conducts
electricity in solution
Ionic (conducts
electricity)
KF
Ionic (metal with
nonmetal)
AgCl
Ionic (Metal with
nonmetal)
Determine ionic or
covalent bonds
Gasoline
Covalent (liquid)
PCl3
Covalent (metal to
metal)
O2
Covalent (share
electrons)
Naming Covalent
Compounds
Oxidation numbers are not used in
determining the formula unit
Two nonmetals can combine in more
than 1 way
We use prefixes to name and indicate
the number of atoms of each type
Naming Covalent
Compounds
Prefix
Number
mono
1
di
2
tri
3
tetra
4
penta
5
hexa
6
hepta
7
octa
8
nona
9
deca
10
Naming Covalent
Compounds
Write the name of the element that is
farthest left first
Write the other element second and
change the ending to –ide
Add prefixes to the two elements
Do not use mono on first element
Naming Covalent
Compounds
CO2
Element to left first, then the second element with an
–ide ending
Carbon
Oxide
Add prefixes
Monocarbon
Dioxide
Drop Mono from first element
Carbon dioxide
Naming Covalent
Compounds
CF4
Element to left first, then the second element with an –ide
ending
Carbon
Flouride
Add prefixes
Monocarbon
Tetraflouride
Drop Mono from first element
Carbon Tetraflouride
Naming Covalent
Compounds
SiCl3
Element to left first, then the second element with an
–ide ending
Silicone
Chloride
Add prefixes
Monosilicone trichloride
Drop Mono from first element
Silicon Trichloride
Naming Covalent
Compounds
CO2
Element to left first, then the second element with an
–ide ending
Carbon
Oxide
Add prefixes
Monocarbon
Dioxide
Drop Mono from first element
Carbon dioxide
Naming Covalent
Compounds
CO2
Element to left first, then the second element with an
–ide ending
Carbon
Oxide
Add prefixes
Monocarbon
Dioxide
Drop Mono from first element
Carbon dioxide
Naming Covalent
Compounds
H2O
Element to left first, then the second element with an –ide
ending
Hydrogen Oxide
Add prefixes
Dihydrogen
oxide
Drop Mono from first element
Dihydrogen oxide
Naming Covalent
Compounds
Common names to remember
H2O = Water
NH3 = Ammonia
CH4 = Methane
Writing Formulas for Binary
Covalent Compounds
List the symbol of the first element in
the name first and then second
element next
Use the subscripts to identify the prefix
in the name for that atom
Writing Formulas for Binary
Covalent Compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
C
Cl
Tetra= 4
CCl4
Writing Formulas for Binary
Covalent Compounds
Dinitrogen Trioxide
N
Di = 2
N2O3
O
Tri = 3
Writing Formulas for Binary
Covalent Compounds
Iodine Pentaflouride
I
F
Penta = 5
IF5
Writing Formulas for Binary
Covalent Compounds
Hexaboron Silicide
B
Hexa = 6
B6Si
Si
Writing Formulas for Binary
Covalent Compounds
Diantomny Pentoxide
Sb
Di = 2
Sb2O5
O
Penta = 5
Writing Formulas for Binary
Covalent Compounds
Ammonia
NH3
Polar Covalent Bonds
A type of covalent bond where electrons are
shared unequally between atoms
Electrons spend more time with one atom
than the other
The stronger atom will be slightly negative
and the other will be slightly positive
Polar covalent Bonds
Water: the electrons hang around the
oxygen atom more than the hydrogen
atom
Example of Polar Covalent Bond in Action